Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery- A Systematic Review of Open and Endoscopic Approaches

Orhurhu, Vwaire; Orman, Sebastian; Peck, Jacquelin; Urits, Ivan; Orhurhu, Mariam Salisu; Jones, Mark R.; Manchikanti, Laxmaiah; Kaye, Alan D.; Odonkor, Charles A.; Hirji, Sameer; Cornett, Elyse M.; Imani, Farnad; Varrassi, Giustino; Viswanath, Omar

doi:10.5812/aapm.112291

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many articles have been published comparing the endoscopic and mini-open techniques [16][17][18]. Some showed significant advantages of the endoscopic procedure, others the advantages of the mini-open procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-open carpal tunnel release technique

Mitrović¹,

Jelača²

2021

Halo 194

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Introduction/Aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CST) is the most common cause of upper extremity compressive neuropathy. Until the introduction of endoscopy, the dominant surgical method was classic open surgery. The objective of the paper is to examine the efficacy, safety and economic value of the mini-open carpal tunnel release technique using a longitudinal 2 cm long incision in the carpal region. Methods: The diagnosis was made based on clinical examination, followed by an ENMG. The study includes only patients with idiopathic CTS, while those who have developed CTS as a result of secondary causes have been excluded from the study. All patients were operated on under local anaesthesia, WALANT, without the use of a tourniquet. A longitudinal incision 2 cm long is made in the line of the radial edge of the ring finger, 2-3 cm distal to the wrist flexion crease, immediately proximal of the Caplan cardinal line and ulnar to the thenar crease. Upon cutting through the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue, the superficial fascia is identified and then cut with the same scalpel in the same direction and the same length. The transversal ligament is then identified and carefully incised with a scalpel enough to allow further decompression with the use of scissors. Using standard surgical scissors for the hand, the ligament is cut proximally to the forearm fascia and then distally until a faint crackling sound is heard, which means that the ligament had been completely cut. This must be checked by inserting the Freer elevator proximally and distally to the edge of the ligament. Now it is possible to identify the nerve and accompanying hand flexor tendons. Sutures are placed only on the skin and a roll of gauze is fixed to the wound with an elastic bandage to provide compression. The first check-up is on the very next day and the patient is advised to start doing hand exercises. The sutures are removed 10-14 days after surgery. Results: From January 2018 to December 2019, 35 carpal tunnel decompressions were performed on 30 patients using the mini-open decompression technique and standard surgical scissors. The surgery was performed on 22 patients in the operating room and 8 patients in the infirmary. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients reported no night pain from the very first day after surgery. Pillar pain, incision pain and hand weakness were progressively becoming less pronounced during the next 12 weeks. At the final check-up, only one patient still had pronounced symptoms that required a reintervention. The rest of the patients had completely recovered. Even though the endoscopic procedure for carpal tunnel decompression is constantly evolving, the classic open method and newly developed mini-open carpal tunnel release technique remain the treatments of choice. Conclusion: Our research shows that the mini-open carpal tunnel release technique is a quick, efficient, safe and cheap surgical technique for treating carpal tunnel compressive neuropathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-open carpal tunnel release technique

Mitrović¹,

Jelača²

2021

Halo 194

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“…This condition is surgically managed through dissection and subsequent decompression of the sciatic nerve and can also involve piriformis musculature release. These surgeries can be performed open or endoscopically (51,55,56). Sciatic nerve decompression is performed by cauterizing fibrovascular scar bands via radiofrequency probes and removing with an arthroscopic shaver or dissection scissors (57,58).…”

Section: Surgical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical and Non-surgical Treatment Options for Piriformis Syndrome: A Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Context: Piriformis syndrome is a solely clinical diagnosis that often eludes the practitioner and goes underdiagnosed. PS is a pain syndrome and for those it affects, causes persistent pain and limits daily activity and work capacity. It is a form of deep gluteal syndrome that needs to be considered on the differential of low back pain as it comprises between 0.3% - 6% of all low back pain cases and is frequently underdiagnosed. Piriformis syndrome may be primary due anatomic anomalies or secondary, though the majority of cases are secondary to some insult. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a description of the epidemiology and presentation of piriformis as well as both non-operative and operative treatment options. We review all of the recent clinical evidence regarding the aforementioned therapies. Evidence Acquisition: Literature searches were performed using the below MeSH Terms using Mendeley version 1.19.4. Search fields were varied until further searches revealed no new articles. All articles were screened by title and abstract. Decision was made to include an article based on its relevance and the list of final articles was approved three of the authors. This included reading the entirety of the article. Any question regarding the inclusion of an article was discussed by all authors until an agreement was reached. Results: Medical management and physical therapy show some promise; however, when conservative treatment fails minimally invasive methods such as steroid injections, botulinum toxin injections, dry needling are all efficacious and there is substantial clinical evidence regarding these therapies. In those patients in which minimally invasive techniques do not result in an adequate relief of pain and return of function, endoscopic release can be considered. Endoscopic release is far superior to open release of the piriformis syndrome given the higher success and lower rate of complications. Conclusions: Piriformis syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in the work up of lower back pain and should not be ruled out with proper examination and testing. Clinicians should consider medical management and conservative management in the initial treatment plan for piriformis syndrome. There are many options within the conservative management and the literature shows much promise regarding these. Physical therapy, steroid injections, botulinum toxin injections, and dry needling are all potentially effective therapies with few adverse effects. Surgical options remain as gold standard, but only when conservative management has failed and the symptoms are significant to affect daily living activities. Endoscopic decompression of the sciatic nerve with or without release of the piriformis muscle has a reported high likelihood of success and a low complication rate. Current literature supports the preference of the endoscopic approach over the open approach due to improved outcomes and decreased complications. Further research is to well define the metrics for the diagnosis of piriformis syndrome and may include a need to develop diagnostic criteria.

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“…Although, opioids are the cornerstone analgesics for perioperative pain relief, regional anesthesia has ameliorated postoperative pain, decreased opioid consumptions, and their potential complications (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Furthermore, some peripheral nerve entrapments and surgical conditions can be successfully treated by peripheral nerve blocks (9)(10)(11)(12). The use of adjuvant agents for pain relief and peripheral nerve blocks (by single injection, and continuous infusion) are a popular practice to reduce the reliance on opioids during perioperative pain management (13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraclavicular vs. Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Nerve Blocks: Clinical, Pharmacological, and Anatomical Considerations

et al. 2021

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: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) have become standard of care for enhanced recovery pathways after surgery. For brachial plexus delivery of anesthesia, both supraclavicular (SC) and infraclavicular (IC) approaches have been shown to require less supplemental anesthesia, are performed more rapidly, have quicker onset time, and have lower rates of complications than other approaches (axillary, interscalene, etc.). Ultrasound-guidance is commonly utilized to improve outcomes, limit the need for deep sedation or general anesthesia, and reduce procedural complications. Given the SC and IC approaches are the most common approaches for brachial plexus blocks, the differences between the two have been critically evaluated in the present manuscript. Various studies have demonstrated slight favorability towards the IC approach from the standpoint of complications and safety. Two prospective RCTs found a higher incidence of complications in the SC approach – particularly Horner syndrome. The IC method appears to support a greater block distribution as well. Overall, both SC and IC brachial plexus nerve block approaches are the most effective and safe approaches, particularly under ultrasound-guidance. Given the success of the supraclavicular and infraclavicular blocks, these techniques are an important skill set for the anesthesiologist for intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.

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Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery- A Systematic Review of Open and Endoscopic Approaches

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Mini-open carpal tunnel release technique

Mini-open carpal tunnel release technique

Surgical and Non-surgical Treatment Options for Piriformis Syndrome: A Literature Review

Supraclavicular vs. Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Nerve Blocks: Clinical, Pharmacological, and Anatomical Considerations

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