Carotid Flow Time Changes With Volume Status in Acute Blood Loss

MacKenzie, David; Khan, Niaz Ali; Blehar, David; Glazier, Scott; Chang, Yuchiao; Stowell, Christopher P.; Noble, Vicki E.; Liteplo, Andrew S.

doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.04.014

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies to date have shown that corrected CFT increases in response to fluid administration or consumption [25, 26], and decreases in response to volume removal in dialysis [22] and blood donation [27]. However, none of these studies correlated corrected CFT with CO. CBF has been less extensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of carotid blood flow and corrected carotid flow time with invasive cardiac output measurements

et al. 2017

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BackgroundNon-invasive measures that can accurately estimate cardiac output may help identify volume-responsive patients. This study seeks to compare two non-invasive measures (corrected carotid flow time and carotid blood flow) and their correlations with invasive reference measurements of cardiac output. Consenting adult patients (n = 51) at Massachusetts General Hospital cardiac catheterization laboratory undergoing right heart catheterization between February and April 2016 were included. Carotid ultrasound images were obtained concurrently with cardiac output measurements, obtained by the thermodilution method in the absence of severe tricuspid regurgitation and by the Fick oxygen method otherwise. Corrected carotid flow time was calculated as systole time/√cycle time. Carotid blood flow was calculated as π × (carotid diameter)2/4 × velocity time integral × heart rate. Measurements were obtained using a single carotid waveform and an average of three carotid waveforms for both measures.ResultsSingle waveform measurements of corrected flow time did not correlate with cardiac output (ρ = 0.25, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.49, p = 0.08), but an average of three waveforms correlated significantly, although weakly (ρ = 0.29, 95% CI 0.02–0.53, p = 0.046). Carotid blood flow measurements correlated moderately with cardiac output regardless of if single waveform or an average of three waveforms were used: ρ = 0.44, 95% CI 0.18–0.63, p = 0.004, and ρ = 0.41, 95% CI 0.16–0.62, p = 0.004, respectively.ConclusionsCarotid blood flow may be a better marker of cardiac output and less subject to measurements issues than corrected carotid flow time.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13089-017-0065-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of carotid blood flow and corrected carotid flow time with invasive cardiac output measurements

et al. 2017

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“…Blehar et al [84] also indicated that after fluid administration, although there was a significant change in FTc, there were no changes in mean arterial pressure or heart rate emphasizing the value of using FTc. Although Mackenzie et al [85] studied on blood donors, Hossein-Nejad et al [27] included hemodialysis patients in their study and both studies found a significant relationship showing decreased FTc in response to loss of intravascular volume. Hossein-Nejad et al [27] also indicated that decrease in FTc was significant in both groups of patients with or without a history of anti-hypertensive drug use.…”

Section: Carotid Artery -Corrected Flow Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corrected flow time (FTc), flow time/√cycle time, calculated by considering heart rate correction is used to evaluate intravascular volume status and FTc was found to be directly correlated with intravascular volume by different studies [27,[84][85][86][87]. Blehar et al [84] and Hilbert et al [86] showed that FTc was increased after intravascular volume expansion.…”

Section: Carotid Artery -Corrected Flow Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to aforementioned reasons, using carotid artery (CA) as a substitute seemed feasible, since the CA is slightly distal to the aorta by providing very similar characteristics to the CA. Also, since CA is more superficial, evaluation requires less experience compared to ED or other methods like echocardiography and it was easier to perform in severely ill patients highlighting its value in the emergency situations [84,85].…”

Section: Carotid Artery -Corrected Flow Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Volume Overload and Current Techniques for the Assessment of Fluid Status in Patients with Renal Disease

et al. 2018

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Volume overload is an important, may be the foremost, independent prognostic factor determining the outcome of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is crucial to measure fluid status of these patients and avoid volume overload. This review aims to evaluate volume overload, its effects on patients with renal diseases and current methodologies measuring volume status in the body. These techniques will be first classified as clinical evaluation and non-clinical and/or instrumental techniques, which includes biomarkers, ultrasonography, relative blood volume monitoring, bioimpedance, echocardiography, pulmonary artery catheterization, esophageal and/or suprasternal Doppler, and blood viscosity. Advantages and limitations of these different techniques will be reviewed extensively by comparing each other. At last, insights gained from this review can highlight the future prospects in this active area of research.

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“…More recently, measurement of FTc via the carotid artery has been proposed; this superficial vessel is easily accessible with ultrasound, and the measurement can be performed quickly at the bedside with a high-frequency linear transducer that is readily available (21,22). However, in spontaneously breathing patients, the intrathoracic pressure fluctuates with respiration, which is known to confound other cardiac output measurements, and can limit reproducibility (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability, Laterality and the Effect of Respiration on the Measured Corrected Flow Time of the Carotid Arteries

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Cooper

et al. 2017

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Carotid Flow Time Changes With Volume Status in Acute Blood Loss

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Correlation of carotid blood flow and corrected carotid flow time with invasive cardiac output measurements

Correlation of carotid blood flow and corrected carotid flow time with invasive cardiac output measurements

Effects of Volume Overload and Current Techniques for the Assessment of Fluid Status in Patients with Renal Disease

Reliability, Laterality and the Effect of Respiration on the Measured Corrected Flow Time of the Carotid Arteries

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