Carotid‐Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Spanish Children: Reference Percentile Curves

Urda, Ana Isabel Mora; Molina, María del Carmen Bisi; Mill, José Geraldo; P, Montero-López

doi:10.1111/jch.12899

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Values in younger children have been published but have not been validated with a method considered as a reference [21,25]. Moreover, some data were published with formulas extrapolated in young children aged 4 years old with no actual measurement [10,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplified pulse wave velocity measurement in children: Is the pOpmètre valid?

et al. 2020

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In population exposed to cardiovascular risk, aortic stiffness is an important marker which is assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). In childhood, the validated applanation tonometer SphygmoCor® can be used to measure PWV, but is limited in routine practice by the child's cooperation and operator's experience. An alternative device, the pOpmètre® is validated in adults and rapidly measures finger-to-toe PWV using 2 oxymeter-like sensors. The aim of this study is to validate the pOpmètre® device in children aged between 4 and 8 years. We compared simultaneous PWV measurements of the two devices, SphygmoCor® and pOpmètre®, in a training group, using the Bland-Altman method. Then we proposed an algorithm to correct pOpmètre® PWV (PWVpop). Finally, we validated this new algorithm in a validation group of children using the Bland-Altman method. This prospective study enrolled 26 children in the training group. Mean PWVpop was 3.919 ± 0.587 m/s and mean SphygmoCor® PWV was 4.280 ± 0.383 m/s, with a difference of -0.362(CI95%(-0.546;-0.178)) m/s. A new algorithm was defined using transit time (TTpop): corrected PWVpop (m/s) = 0.150/TTpop(s) + 1.381*Height(m) + 1.148. We enrolled 24 children in the validation group. Mean corrected PWVpop was 4.231 ± 0.189 m/ s and mean SphygmoCor® PWV was 4.208 ± 0.296 m/s with a corrected difference of 0.023(CI95%(-0.086;0.131)) m/s. With this algorithm correction, we found an agreement between PWV measured by the SphygmoCor® and the pOpmètre®, with a difference of less than 10%. Using this algorithm, the pOpmètre® could be used in clinical or research practice in young children exposed to cardiovascular risk. (This study was registered as NCT02991703).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adult, studies validating the pOpmètre1, correlation was better with transit time (TT) than PWV [14,16]. Moreover for children, formulas extrapolating PWV are often based on height [9,26]. Hence our proposition of algorithm is simple including only TT and height which is available in a common pediatric consultation.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified pulse wave velocity measurement in children: Is the pOpmètre valid?

et al. 2020

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“…Available literature of reference values for arterial stiffness values in children and adolescents is listed in Table 2. These encompass a range of ages, study designs, techniques and methods including cfPWV [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], brachial ankle PWV [111][112][113], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) PWV [114], cardio-ankle vascular index [115], brachial-radial PWV [40], carotid, femoral and brachial PWV [116,117] as well as aortic [118] and carotid distensibility [119][120][121]. Of note, reference values for cfPWV in children and adolescents were calculated using the subtraction method for the distance measurement [106,108], and although this approach was validated in children [122], it differs from the 80% direct length method recommended for cfPWV measurement in adults [123].…”

Section: Large Artery Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Ageing in Youth: A Call to Action

Climie

Park

Avolio

et al. 2021

Heart, Lung and Circulation

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Extensive evidence shows that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin to develop early in life. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) have become overwhelmingly challenging, with 57% of today's children predicted to be obese by the age of 35 years, and global rates of hypertension in children and adolescents increasing by 75% from 2000 to 2015. Thus, there is an urgent need for tools that can assess early CVD risk in youth, which may lead to better risk stratification, preventative intervention, and personalised medicine. Vascular ageing (the deterioration in vascular structure and function) is a pivotal progenitor of health degeneration associated with elevated BP. Exposure to adverse environmental and genetic factors from fetal life promotes the development and accumulation of subclinical vascular changes that direct an individual towards a trajectory of early vascular ageing (EVA)-an independent predictor of target organ damage in the heart, brain, and kidneys. Therefore, characterising vascular ageing from youth may provide a window into cardiovascular risk later in life. However, vascular ageing measurements only have value when techniques are accurate/validated and when reliable thresholds are available for defining normal ranges and ranges that signal increased risk of disease. The aim of this paper is to summarise current evidence on the importance of vascular ageing assessment in youth and the impact of interventions to prevent or delay EVA, to highlight the need for standardisation and validation of measurement techniques in children and adolescents, and the importance of establishing reference values for vascular ageing measures in this population.

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“…[55][56][57][58] Regardless, the cf-PWV reference values for healthy children and adolescents are still limited. [59][60][61][62] cf-PWV was determined by means of the SphygmoCor® system. 63 Measurements were taken at a transcutaneous level by means of a tonometer which, through applanation, gathers pulse readings at two arterial points: between the carotid artery, a direct branch of the aorta and the right femoral artery, combining the two at a fixed point in the cardiac cycle by means of an electrocardiogram (ECG) reading.…”

Section: Arterial Stiffness In Childhood (8-11 Years)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between prenatal and postnatal conditions and accelerated postnatal growth. Impact on the rigidity of the arterial wall and obesity in childhood

Urda

Cantero

López

2018

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Restricted growth in utero and accelerated postnatal growth (APG) in the postnatal period have been associated with the development of overweight, obesity and an increased cardiovascular risk in childhood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of prenatal and perinatal conditions on APG and to evaluate the influence of this APG on different cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure (BP) and arterial wall stiffness [carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)]. All measurements were performed in 355 children (185 boys and 170 girls; 8–11 years). Data on mother weight before and during pregnancy, gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g) and breastfeeding of children were obtained through interviews with families. Children who presented APG were born of mothers with lower BMIs before pregnancy and who gained less weight during the second trimester of pregnancy. They also have a lower gestational age and birth weight, a shorter duration of breastfeeding and a longer duration of artificial feeding (AF). Later in childhood, they had higher values of cf-PWV, BMI, FMI and higher prevalence of hypertension. Low maternal gestational weight gain, inadequate fetal development (low birth weight, shorter gestational age) and reduced breastfeeding duration favor APG. Infants with such APG had higher values of cf-PWV, BP, BMI and FMI later in childhood, along with a higher risk of hypertension and obesity. The interaction between APG and a longer duration of AF had a negative effect on cf-PWV (arterial stiffness) and FMI.

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Carotid‐Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Spanish Children: Reference Percentile Curves

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Simplified pulse wave velocity measurement in children: Is the pOpmètre valid?

Simplified pulse wave velocity measurement in children: Is the pOpmètre valid?

Vascular Ageing in Youth: A Call to Action

Relationship between prenatal and postnatal conditions and accelerated postnatal growth. Impact on the rigidity of the arterial wall and obesity in childhood

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