Carotid baroreflex function in young men with borderline blood pressure elevation.

Eckberg, Dwain L.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.59.4.632

Cited by 96 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When the arterial system is less compliant, this results in a continuous increased stretch of the baroreceptors, causing a downregulation, i.e., a loss of sensitivity, in turn altering autonomic function by lowering parasympathetic modulation and increasing sympathetic outflow. Support for this attenuation in BRS has been observed in normotensive relatives of hypertensive patients (18,59). Furthermore, the loss of BRS has been shown to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmyocardial infarction patients (34,53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Low arterial compliance in young African-American males

Zion

Bond

Adams

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Hypertension remains a common public health challenge because of its prevalence and increase in co-morbid cardiovascular diseases. Black males have disproportionate pathophysiological consequences of hypertension compared with any other group in the United States. Alterations in arterial wall compliance and autonomic function often precede the onset of disease. Accordingly, our purpose was to investigate whether differences exist in arterial compliance and autonomic function between young, healthy African-American males without evidence of hypertension and age- and gender-matched non-African-American males. All procedures were carried out noninvasively following rest. Arterial compliance was calculated as the integrated area starting at the well-defined nadir of the incisura of the dicrotic notch to the end of diastole of the radial artery pulse wave. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability provided distributions representative of parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations and sympathovagal balance. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was calculated using the sequence method. Thirty-two African-American and twenty-nine non-African-American males were comparable in anthropometrics and negative family history of hypertension. t-Tests revealed lower arterial compliance (5.8 ± 2.4 vs. 8.6 ± 4.0 mmHg · s; P = 0.0017), parasympathetic modulation (8.9 ± 1.1 vs. 9.7 ± 1.1 ln ms2; P = 0.0063), and BRS (13.7 ± 7.3 vs. 21.1 ± 8.5 ms/mmHg; P = 0.0007) and higher sympathovagal balance (2.9 ± 3.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.1; P = 0.03) in the African-American group. In summary, differences exist in arterial compliance and autonomic balance in African-American males. These alterations may be antecedent markers of disease and valuable in the detection of degenerative cardiovascular processes in individuals at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Low arterial compliance in young African-American males

Zion

Bond

Adams

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…It has been demonstrated that there is marked reduction of baroreflex control of heart rate in essential (Bristow et al, 1979;Korner et al, 1974) and borderline (Eckberg, 1979;Takeshita et al, 1975) hypertension in humans. This finding has been taken to indicate a generalized impairment of the arterial baroreflexes, including baroreflex control of the peripheral circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ment of arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in hypertension (Bristow et al, 1969;Eckberg, 1979;Korner et al, 1975;Takeshita et al, 1975), it has been suggested that there may be a generalized impairment of baroreflex control of the peripheral circulation. We recently reported (Guo et al, 1982) that, in normotensive animals, baroreflex control of heart rate may be impaired when baroreflex control of hindlimb resistance is preserved.…”

Section: This Manuscript From the University Of Iowa Was Sent To Fohnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial baroreflexes in renal hypertensive rabbits. Selectivity and redundancy of baroreceptor influence on heart rate, vascular resistance, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity.

Guo¹,

Thames²,

Abboud³

1983

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY. The first purpose of this study was to determine if the baroreflex control of hindlimb resistance is preserved in hypertension even though reflex control of heart rate is impaired. The second purpose was to compare the capacity of one remaining set of arterial baroreceptors to compensate for the loss of the other in normotensive and hypertensive states. Baroreflex responses of heart rate, perfusion pressure in the hindlimb (perfused at constant flow), and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity were examined in rabbits anesthetized with chloralose and urethane 6 weeks after induction of renal hypertension (1-K-l-W). Intravenous injections of phenylephrine caused increases in arterial pressure and reflex bradycardia, vasodilarion, and inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity. The converse occurred with nirroglycerin. With all baroreceptors intact, baroreflex control of heart rate was impaired in hypertensive rabbits, whereas control of vascular resistance and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity was preserved in hypertensive as compared with normotensive sham-operated rabbits. Denervation of either the carotid sinus or aortic baroreceptors in normotensive rabbits resulted in the following: (a) reflex control of heart rate with phenylephrine and nitroglycerin was impaired; (b) reflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity was preserved and reflex vasodilation was augmented; and (c) reflex excitation of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity was reduced but reflex vasoconstriction was preserved after section of carotid sinus baroreceptors and reduced slightly after section of aortic baroreceptors. In hypertensive rabbits, section of carotid sinus or aortic baroreceptors resulted in the following: (a) reflex control of heart rate was markedly impaired; (b) reflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and vasodilation were suppressed; and (c) reflex excitation and vasoconstriction were impaired to a much greater extent than in normotensives. Our conclusions are as follows.(1) Baroreflex control of hindlimb vascular resistance and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity is preserved in hypertension, even though control of heart rate is impaired. Therefore, impaired baroreflex control of heart rate cannot be taken as evidence of a generalized impairment of baroreflex control of vascular resistance, (2) In normotensives, one remaining set of arterial baroreceptors compensates for the loss of the other in the reflex regulation of hindlimb vascular resistance and in reflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity but not in the regulation of heart rate. Thus, there is a 'redundancy" in the arterial baroreflex control of hindlimb resistance and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity but not in the control of heart rate, (3) This compensatory capacity or 'redundancy' of baroreflex control is significantly impaired in renal hypertensive rabbits, and the impairment may be related to impaired baroreceptors or abnormal central mediation of the reflex. (Circ Res 53: 223-234, 1983) IT has been show that, in hy...

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“…4 -10 Cardiac, but especially skeletal muscle, sympathetic outflow are strongly modulated by baroreflexes, and some authors suggest that the increase of sympathetic neural activity could be the result of an early impaired inhibitory influence of arterial baroreceptors. [11][12][13] However, the increased peripheral sympathetic discharge does not seem to be localized to tissues under baroreflex control, because we have recently demonstrated in prehypertensive and hypertensive SHR that an increased release and metabolism of NE is also detectable in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, 14 -15 where sympathetic activity is relatively independent from the baroreflex function. 16,17,18 In contrast to skeletal muscle sympathetic activity, the impulses to subcutaneous adipose tissue show no signs of pulse-synchronous grouping and no correlation with spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure, suggesting that baroreflex modulation is weak or absent, depending mainly on metabolic and thermoregulatory influences.…”

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confidence: 94%

Sympathetic Activation in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Hypertensive Rats

et al. 2002

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Abstract-The activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a common feature of arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. This activation might be dependent on an altered baroreflex control of vascular resistance of which the inhibitory response on sympathetic activity appears impaired. The aim of the study was to monitor during the natural course of arterial hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (5, 16, 30, and 54 weeks of age) the peripheral sympathetic activity expressed as interstitial norepinephrine (NE) release and as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of NE synthesis, in the differently baroreflexcontrolled subcutaneous adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. Blood pressure and plasma NE in SHR were similar to WKY at 5 weeks of age but increased at all other ages. Body weight was similar in both 5-week-old rats but reduced in SHR at all other ages. The interstitial NE levels were greater in both SHR tissues at all ages as compared with WKY. In adipose tissue of SHR, TH activity was higher at all ages as compared with WKY, whereas TH activity in skeletal muscle was higher only after the development of hypertension. These data show that in both SHR tissues, an increase of interstitial NE release is always present during its lifespan. This suggests that increased sympathetic activation in the SHR model is not specific to baroreflex-controlled tissues such as skeletal muscle but involves also subcutaneous adipose tissue, the sympathetic efferents of which are independent from baroreflexes.

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Carotid baroreflex function in young men with borderline blood pressure elevation.

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Low arterial compliance in young African-American males

Low arterial compliance in young African-American males

Arterial baroreflexes in renal hypertensive rabbits. Selectivity and redundancy of baroreceptor influence on heart rate, vascular resistance, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity.

Sympathetic Activation in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Hypertensive Rats

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