Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 6 Months of Spaceflight

Arbeille, Philippe; Provost, Romain; Zuj, Kathryn

doi:10.3357/amhp.4493.2016

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Microgravity induces various changes in cardiovascular system, including a cephalic fluid shift, alteration of cardiac function, and remodeling of cardiovascular system. [1][2][3] Similar results have been found in simulated microgravity models as well, such as prolonged bed rest and hindlimb unloading (HU). 4,5 Several countermeasures have been established to protect astronauts against microgravity, among which physical exercise is considered to be one of the most effective measures.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Time‐restricted feeding alleviates cardiac dysfunction induced by simulated microgravity via restoring cardiac FGF21 signaling

et al. 2020

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Dietary restriction has been well-described to improve health metrics, but whether it could benefit pathophysiological adaptation to extreme environment, for example, microgravity, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of a daily rhythm of fasting and feeding without reducing caloric intake on cardiac function and metabolism against simulated microgravity. Male rats under ad libitum feeding or time-restricted feeding (TRF; food access limited to 8 hours every day) were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) to simulate microgravity. HU for 6 weeks led to left ventricular dyssynchrony and declined cardiac function. HU also lowered pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and impaired glucose utilization in the heart. All these were largely preserved by TRF. TRF showed no effects on HU-induced loss of cardiac mass, but significantly improved contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, TRF raised liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) level and enhanced cardiac FGF21 signaling as manifested by upregulation of FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) expression and its downstream markers in HU rats. In isolated cardiomyocytes, FGF21 treatment improved PDH activity and glucose utilization, consequently enhancing cell contractile function. Finally, both liver-specific knockdown (KD) of FGF21 and cardiac-specific FGFR1 KD abrogated the cardioprotective effects of TRF in HU rats. These data demonstrate that TRF improves cardiac

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Time‐restricted feeding alleviates cardiac dysfunction induced by simulated microgravity via restoring cardiac FGF21 signaling

et al. 2020

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“…Regarding flight findings, a 6-month mission did not modify femoral or carotid diameter but rapidly and steadily increased carotid IMT up to 10-12% (Arbeille et al, 2016). Similarly, in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration twin study with one astronaut and one ground control, a 1-year mission increased carotid IMT by ∼20% (Garrett-Bakelman et al, 2019).…”

Section: Physical Inactivity Induces Structural Changes In Conduit Armentioning

confidence: 94%

“…or genetic factor has been identified as a major factor related to this increase. Femoral IMT increases up to 10-15% (Arbeille et al, 2016;Hughson et al, 2018). Carotid (Hughson et al, 2016;Arbeille et al, 2017;Hughson et al, 2018) and femoral (Arbeille Moreover, a 6-month flight reduced pulse transit time, suggesting stiffer central and peripheral arteries (Hughson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Physical Inactivity Induces Structural Changes In Conduit Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular and Microvascular Dysfunction Induced by Microgravity and Its Analogs in Humans: Mechanisms and Countermeasures

et al. 2020

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Weightlessness and physical inactivity have deleterious cardiovascular effects. The space environment and its ground-based models offer conditions to study the cardiovascular effects of physical inactivity in the absence of other vascular risk factors, particularly at the macro- and microcirculatory levels. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are not sufficiently studied in the context of weightlessness and its analogs including models of physical inactivity. Here, we summarize vascular and microvascular changes induced by space flight and observed in models of microgravity and physical inactivity and review the effects of prophylactic strategies (i.e., countermeasures) on vascular and microvascular function. We discuss physical (e.g., exercise, vibration, lower body negative pressure, and artificial gravity) and nutritional/pharmacological (e.g., caloric restriction, resveratrol, and other vegetal extracts) countermeasures. Currently, exercise countermeasure appears to be the most effective to protect vascular function. Although pharmacological countermeasures are not currently considered to fight vascular changes due to microgravity, nutritional countermeasures are very promising. Dietary supplements/natural health products, especially plant extracts, should be extensively studied. The best prophylactic strategy is likely a combination of countermeasures that are effective not only at the cardiovascular level but also for the organism as a whole, but this strategy remains to be determined.

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“…It has been documented that space flight damages astronauts' CBF AR. Symptoms of increasing intracranial volume/pressure (ICP) and impaired CBF AR have been linked to space flightassociated neuro-ocular syndrome, orthostatic i n t o l e r a n c e , h e a d a c h e , a n d i m p a i r e d neurocognitive performance (Yegorov, 1979;Blaber et al, 2011;Law et al, 2014;Hughson et al, 2016;Iwasaki et al, 2007;Zuj et al, 2012;Taylor et al, 2013;Arbeille et al, 2016;McDonald, 2009;Klein et al, 2019). Although NASA has sought development of a real time noninvasive monitoring method of ICP for use on the International Space Station (ISS), until r e c e n t l y n o n o n i n v a s i v e , c o n t i n u o u s b r a i n monitoring device has been available to measure CBF AR on ISS.…”

Section: Space Research and Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

Bodó

2020

DRCSF

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This paper deals with the sustainability under anoxic conditions of human beings, both when healthy, and diseased. As our attention is focused these days on the environment, sustainability, and green energy, a similar effort is being made in neuromonitoring to switch from invasive to noninvasive monitoring methods. Keys to these changes are computerization and shrinking size of electronic hardware. Computerization is going on in all areas of biomedical engineering, both in research and in clinical fields of medicine. In neurology, brain imaging is the most characteristic change in recent decades. These modalities of imaging (MRI, CT, PET scan, etc.) are predominantly utilized for localizing brain pathology. Brain imaging offers great spatial resolution, but poor time resolution. Therefore, for continuous monitoring, neurocritical care departments require an additional tool with good time resolution. There are invasive and noninvasive neuromonitoring methods. The standard method to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) is an invasive method. Computerization allows for calculating the cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBF AR) index (pressure reactivity index - PRx) from ICP and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) in real time, continuously, but invasively. The new development, discussed in this paper, is to calculate this index noninvasively by using rheoencephalography (REG), called REGx. We present the road to this invention and summarize multifold REG related results, such as using REG for primary stroke prevention screening, comparison incidence of arteriosclerotic risk factors, various studies by using CBF manipulations, and correlations with other neuromonitoring methods, and validation with in vitro and in vivo methods. REG by using different algorithms allow for real time calculation of autoregulated blood flow. This paper presents results of validation of CBF algorithms as an effective, noninvasive method. The author’s intent is to supply sufficient physiological background information. This review covers the author’s research efforts over several decades; it pertains multiple studies and has an updated addition to human sustainability by considering that Covid-19 is increasing stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.

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Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 6 Months of Spaceflight

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Time‐restricted feeding alleviates cardiac dysfunction induced by simulated microgravity via restoring cardiac FGF21 signaling

Time‐restricted feeding alleviates cardiac dysfunction induced by simulated microgravity via restoring cardiac FGF21 signaling

Vascular and Microvascular Dysfunction Induced by Microgravity and Its Analogs in Humans: Mechanisms and Countermeasures

A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

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