Carotenoids, versatile components of oxygenic photosynthesis

Domonkos, Ildikó; Kis, Mihály; Gombos, Zoltán; Ughy, Bettina

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.07.001

Cited by 247 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…Strong sunlight sometimes overwhelms the photosynthetic capacity of plants and, hence, leads to the production of highly reactive oxygen species that can potentially damage photosynthetic and cell structures. To cope with this danger, plant chloroplasts accumulate carotenoids, photoprotective compounds that channel energy away from chlorophylls and protect against reactive oxygen species and free radicals (Niyogi, 1999;Domonkos et al, 2013). On the other hand, photosynthesis and growth can be heavily compromised by the shading of nearby plants that compete for light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

et al. 2015

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Carotenoids are photosynthetic pigments essential for the protection against excess light. During deetiolation, their production is regulated by a dynamic repression-activation module formed by PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). These transcription factors directly and oppositely control the expression of the gene encoding PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY), the first and main rate-determining enzyme of the carotenoid pathway. Antagonistic modules also regulate the responses of deetiolated plants to vegetation proximity and shade (i.e. to the perception of far-red light-enriched light filtered through or reflected from neighboring plants). These responses, aimed to adapt to eventual shading from plant competitors, include a reduced accumulation of carotenoids. Here, we show that PIF1 and related photolabile PIFs (but not photostable PIF7) promote the shade-triggered decrease in carotenoid accumulation. While HY5 does not appear to be required for this process, other known PIF antagonists were found to modulate the expression of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PSY gene and the biosynthesis of carotenoids early after exposure to shade. In particular, PHYTOCHROME-RAPIDLY REGULATED1, a transcriptional cofactor that prevents the binding of true transcription factors to their target promoters, was found to interact with PIF1 and hence directly induce PSY expression. By contrast, a change in the levels of the transcriptional cofactor LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR RED1, which also binds to PIF1 and other PIFs to regulate shade-related elongation responses, did not impact PSY expression or carotenoid accumulation. Our data suggest that the fine-regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in response to shade relies on specific modules of antagonistic transcriptional factors and cofactors.

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

et al. 2015

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“…The chemical formula of the isoprene molecule is CH 2 ═C(CH 3 )─CH═CH 2 (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) [1,2]. There are two double bonds in the molecule and these bonds are conjugated (Figure 1).…”

Section: Terpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…group materials which are formed by binding of 5-carbon-containing isoprene molecules, and they have straight chain structure formed by the condensation of isoprene molecules [1]. Carotenoids which colors vary from light yellow to dark red stemming from the double bonds are soluble in organic solvents and oils like other lipids [10].…”

Section: Carotenoids 52mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biochemistry and Antioxidant Properties of Carotenoids

Merhan¹

2017

Carotenoids

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Carotenoids are one of the most widespread pigment groups distributed in nature, and more than 700 natural carotenoids have been described so far, and new carotenoids are introduced each year. Carotenoids are derived from 4 terpenes, including totally 40 carbon atoms. Carotenoids are naturally synthesized by cyanobacteria, algae, plants, some fungi, and some bacteria, but not made by mammals. Lately, the beneficial properties of α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin carotenoids in prevention of various diseases, such as tumor formation, cardiovascular, and vision, have been documented due to their roles as antioxidants, activation in certain gene expression associated with cell-to-cell communication, provitamin A activity, modulation of lipoxygenase activity, and immune response. In this chapter, in addition to biochemical properties of carotenoids, how the structure of these molecules influences the oxidative stress in health and reducing the risk of formation of various diseases will be described.

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“…This behavior can partially be explained by a limitation in substrate for Is in young leaves because photosynthesis is one of the main processes responsible for providing the required carbon intermediates, reducing equivalents, and ATP needed to produce dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) required for Is biosynthesis (Loivamaki et al, 2007;Sun et al, 2013). However, the demand for DMAPP is very high during leaf expansion because this compound is essential for the synthesis of all plant isoprenoids including photosynthetic pigments (Hannoufa and Hossain, 2012;Domonkos et al, 2013;Eisenreich et al, 2004;Opitz et al, 2014). Thus, due to the limited availability of DMAPP in young rapidly expanding leaves, a competition occurs for this substrate such that a larger fraction is allocated towards photosynthetic pigments (Rasulov et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pn Combined With Is and Methanol Emissions As A Function Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species <i>Vismia guianensis</i> (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest

Jardine

Souza

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Isoprene (Is) emissions by plants represent a loss of carbon and energy resources leading to the initial hypothesis that fast growing pioneer species in secondary tropical forests allocate carbon primarily to growth at the expense of isoprenoid defenses. In this study, we quantified leaf isoprene and methanol emissions from the abundant pantropical pioneer tree species Vismia guianensis and ambient isoprene concentrations above a diverse secondary forest in the central Amazon. As photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was varied (0 to 3000 µmol m −2 s −1 ) under standard leaf temperature (30 • C), isoprene emissions from V. guianensis increased without saturation up to 80 nmol m −2 s −1 . A nonlinear increase in isoprene emissions with respect to net photosynthesis (Pn) resulted in the fraction of Pn dedicated to isoprene emissions increasing with light intensity (up to 2 % of Pn). Emission responses to temperature under standard light conditions (PAR of 1000 µmol m −2 s −1 ) resulted in the classic uncoupling of isoprene emissions (T opt,iso > 40 • C) from net photosynthesis (T opt,Pn = 30.0-32.5 • C) with up to 7 % of Pn emitted as isoprene at 40 • C. Under standard environmental conditions of PAR and leaf temperature, young V. guianensis leaves showed high methanol emissions, low Pn, and low isoprene emissions. In contrast, mature leaves showed high Pn, high isoprene emissions, and low methanol emissions, highlighting the differential control of leaf phenology over methanol and isoprene emissions. High daytime ambient isoprene concentrations (11 ppbv) were observed above a secondary Amazon rainforest, suggesting that isoprene emissions are common among neotropical pioneer species. The results are not consistent with the initial hypothesis and support a functional role of methanol during leaf expansion and the establishment of photosynthetic machinery and a protective role of isoprene for photosynthesis during high temperature extremes regularly experienced in secondary rainforest ecosystems.

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Carotenoids, versatile components of oxygenic photosynthesis

Cited by 247 publications

References 260 publications

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

The Biochemistry and Antioxidant Properties of Carotenoids

Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species <i>Vismia guianensis</i> (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest

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Carotenoids, versatile components of oxygenic photosynthesis

Cited by 247 publications

References 260 publications

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by shade relies on specific subsets of antagonistic transcription factors and co-factors

The Biochemistry and Antioxidant Properties of Carotenoids

Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species &lt;i&gt;Vismia guianensis&lt;/i&gt; (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest

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Methanol and isoprene emissions from the fast growing tropical pioneer species <i>Vismia guianensis</i> (Aubl.) Pers. (Hypericaceae) in the central Amazon forest