Carotenoids in citrus. Their accumulation induced by ethylene

Stewart, Ivan; Wheaton, T. A.

doi:10.1021/jf60180a024

Cited by 122 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Ethylene was reported to play role in regulating the ripening of peel in citrus fruit (Goldschmidt et al 1993;Goldschmidt 1997). Ethylene stimulates respiration, chlorophyll breakdown and carotenoid accumulation (Stewart and Wheaton 1972;Purvis and Barmore 1981;Goldschmidt et al 1993;Goldschmidt 1997;Katz et al 2004). Further studies have shown that some genes (including chlorophyllase) were regulated by ethylene in citrus fruit (Alonso et al 1995;Jacob-Wilk et al 1999).…”

Section: Role For Ethylene In Ripening Of Non-climacteric Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

2011

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The process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. But, many fruits such as guava, melon, Japanese plum, Asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. Investigations on in planta levels of CO 2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such as strawberry, grapes and citrus. Non-climacteric fruits are also reported to respond to the exogenous application of ethylene. Comparative analysis of plant-attached and plant-detached fruits did not show similarity in their ripening behaviour. This disparity is being explained in view of 1. Hypothetical ripening inhibitor, 2. Differences in the production, release and endogenous levels of ethylene, 3. Sensitivity of fruits towards ethylene and 4. Variations in the gaseous microenvironment among fruits and their varieties. Detailed studies on genetic and inheritance patterns along with the application of '-omics' research indicated that ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways coexist in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Auxin levels also interact with ethylene in regulating ripening. These findings therefore reveal that the classification of fruits based on climacteric rise and/or ethylene production status is not very distinct or perfect. However, presence of a characteristic rise in CO 2 levels and a burst in ethylene production in some non-climacteric fruits as well as the presence of system 2 of ethylene production point to a ubiquitous role for ethylene in fruit ripening.

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Section: Role For Ethylene In Ripening Of Non-climacteric Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

2011

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“…These processes are associated with alterations at the biochemical and gene expression leve1 (Alonso et al, 1992;Burns and Baldwin, 1994). Treatment of full-size green fruits with ethylene induces a number of changes at the morphological (Shimokawa et al, 1978), physiological, and molecular (Stewart and Wheaton, 1972;Alonso et al, 1992) levels similar to those observed during natural degreening of the fruit that occurs during ripening.In this paper we report the molecular characterization of an mRNA (Citvac) that accumulates in the flavedo tissue of the fruit during ripening. This mRNA encodes a protein homologous to Cys proteinases from castor bean and soy- bean seeds that are involved in posttranslational maturation of vacuolar storage proteins Shimada et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

A Putative Vacuolar Processing Protease Is Regulated by Ethylene and also during Fruit Ripening in Citrus Fruit

Alonso

Granell

1995

Plant Physiol.

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A putative citrus vacuolar processing thiolprotease cDNA (Citvac) was isolated from a cDNA library of Citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis 1. Osbeck var Washington navel). l h e cDNA is 58 and 57% identical with vacuolar processing seed proteases from castor bean and soybean, respectively. l h e Citvac sequence shows a typical signal peptide for entering into the endoplasmic reticulum and two glycosylation signals. Using an in vitro transcription-translation system, we show that the Citvac precursor is able to enter a microsoma1 fraction and to undergo proteolytic processing and glycosylation. Transcript levels for the Citvac are developmentally regu- The orange is a nonclimateric fruit, i.e. a sharp increase in respiration and ethylene production does not accompany the ripening process (Rasmussen, 1975). However, the peel of the orange is able to produce significant amounts of ethylene under certain conditions (Riov et al., 1969; Biggs, 1983, 1988). Furthermore, ethylene seems to be required for degreening of this part of the fruit (flavedo), which normally occurs during fruit ripening (Goldschmidt et al., 1993). These processes are associated with alterations at the biochemical and gene expression leve1 (Alonso et al., 1992;Burns and Baldwin, 1994). Treatment of full-size green fruits with ethylene induces a number of changes at the morphological (Shimokawa et al., 1978), physiological, and molecular (Stewart and Wheaton, 1972;Alonso et al., 1992) levels similar to those observed during natural degreening of the fruit that occurs during ripening.In this paper we report the molecular characterization of an mRNA (Citvac) that accumulates in the flavedo tissue of the fruit during ripening. This mRNA encodes a protein homologous to Cys proteinases from castor bean and soy- bean seeds that are involved in posttranslational maturation of vacuolar storage proteins Shimada et al., 1994). The pattern of expression of this mRNA, its regulation by ethylene, and its possible role during fruit ripening will be discussed. MATERlALS A N D METHODS Plant Materials and Ethylene TreatmentFruits ( correspond to green fruits, zero values to yellow fruits, and negative values to orange and red fruits. Immature fruits (1 cm in diameter) and flowers at different developmental stages were obtained from the same trees. Samples were harvested, frozen immediately in liquid N,, and stored at -80°C until use. For roots, plants were grown hydroponically in Hoagland solution in the greenhouse. Roots of 1 or 2 mm in diameter were rinsed with water, blotted with filter paper, and frozen immediately in liquid N,. Leaf explants consisted of terminal segments of vegetative branches (about 15 cm) bearing five to eight mature leaves. Explants were quickly transported to the laboratory, and the lower part of the stem was placed in a via1 with water during ethylene treatment. Ethylene treatments were carried out in the dark as described previously (Alonso et al., 1992). lsolation of Tar4N1A flavedo-enriched fruit cDNA library (E12 library) (Alonso et al., ...

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“…Previous studies showed that an ethylene treatment at temperatures within the range 15-25°C noticeably accelerated carotenoid accumulation in the flavedo of postharvest citrus fruit 20,26,33,36 . However, few studies have focused on the effect of low temperature (5°C) on carotenoid accumulation and the difference in the effect of ethylene on carotenoid accumulation among different temperatures.…”

Section: Physiological Regulation Of Carotenoid Content By a Plant Homentioning

confidence: 93%

The Characteristics of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Citrus Fruit

Ikoma

Matsumoto

Kato

2014

JARQ

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Carotenoids in citrus. Their accumulation induced by ethylene

Cited by 122 publications

References 2 publications

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene—An overview

A Putative Vacuolar Processing Protease Is Regulated by Ethylene and also during Fruit Ripening in Citrus Fruit

The Characteristics of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Citrus Fruit

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