Carotenoid Production by Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts

Ávalos, Javier; Nordzieke, Steffen; Parra, Obdulia; Pardo-Medina, Javier; Limón, M. Carmen

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58829-2_8

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 375 publications

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“…To check a possible co-regulation with carO , we investigated the effect of illumination on the transcript levels of the seven genes for G proteins in comparison to those of the gene carO and the structural genes of the carotenoid pathway carRA and carB , linked to carO in a co-regulated cluster [ 38 ]. As expected, the mRNA levels for these genes increased rapidly following light onset to reach 200–300-fold in the case of carRA and carB , and more than 1000-fold in the case of carO ( Figure 6 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Activity of the Fusarium fujikuroi Rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and Their Relation to Fungus–Plant Interaction

Adam

Deimel

Pardo-Medina

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Fungi possess diverse photosensory proteins that allow them to perceive different light wavelengths and to adapt to changing light conditions in their environment. The biological and physiological roles of the green light-sensing rhodopsins in fungi are not yet resolved. The rice plant pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi exhibits two different rhodopsins, CarO and OpsA. CarO was previously characterized as a light-driven proton pump. We further analyzed the pumping behavior of CarO by patch-clamp experiments. Our data show that CarO pumping activity is strongly augmented in the presence of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and in sodium acetate, in a dose-dependent manner under slightly acidic conditions. By contrast, under these and other tested conditions, the Neurospora rhodopsin (NR)-like rhodopsin OpsA did not exhibit any pump activity. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) searches in the genomes of ascomycetes revealed the occurrence of rhodopsin-encoding genes mainly in phyto-associated or phytopathogenic fungi, suggesting a possible correlation of the presence of rhodopsins with fungal ecology. In accordance, rice plants infected with a CarO-deficient F. fujikuroi strain showed more severe bakanae symptoms than the reference strain, indicating a potential role of the CarO rhodopsin in the regulation of plant infection by this fungus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Activity of the Fusarium fujikuroi Rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and Their Relation to Fungus–Plant Interaction

Adam

Deimel

Pardo-Medina

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Carotenoid biosynthesis is a frequent trait in fungi, where the carotenoid pathways are simpler in comparison with photosynthetic organisms [159,160]. In contrast to other carotenogenic organisms, fungal phytoene synthase and lycopene/carotene cyclase activities are encoded by a single gene, resulting in a bifunctional enzyme with amino and carboxyl domains similar to CrtY and CrtB, respectively.…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other fungi produce xanthophylls ( Figure 6). The most thoroughly investigated systems are those for the synthesis of neurosporaxanthin by the ascomycotina Neurospora crassa and Fusarium fujikuroi, and the production of astaxanthin and torularhodin by the basidiomycotina yeasts Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Rhodotorula sp, respectively [160]. In the first case, five desaturations, a single cyclization and an oxidative cleavage reaction are needed to generate neurosporaxanthin.…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astaxanthin biosynthesis requires the introduction of keto and hydroxyl groups in the terminal rings of -carotene ( Figure 6). All the genes participating in neurosporaxanthin production in N. crassa and Fusarium sp, and astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous have been identified [160]. The genes up to torulene biosynthesis were similar to those from other biosynthetic pathways, but the last two steps of neurosporaxanthin production were found to be carried out by two unique enzymes, a torulene-cleaving dioxygenase (a novel member of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase or CCD family, see Section 2.3 below) that produces β-apo-4'-carotenal [163,164] and an aldehyde dehydrogenase that generates the terminal carboxy group [165,166].…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health

Rodríguez‐Concepción

Ávalos

Bonet

et al. 2018

Progress in Lipid Research

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683

584

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Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.

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“…Biosynthetic pathways for carotenoids are less diverse in fungi than in autotrophic species. In most of the cases investigated, it consists of the synthesis of β-carotene or some xanthophylls, such as astaxanthin, torularhodin and neurosporaxanthin [2]. Some fungi, such as Blakeslea trispora and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma) are biotechnological sources for the production of β-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively [3], but experimental facilities have made other fungi more suitable organisms to investigate carotenoid metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2020

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Neurosporaxanthin (NX) is a carboxylic carotenoid produced by some filamentous fungi, including species of the genera Neurospora and Fusarium. NX biosynthetic genes and their regulation have been thoroughly investigated in Fusarium fujikuroi, an industrial fungus used for gibberellin production. In this species, carotenoid-overproducing mutants, affected in the regulatory gene carS, exhibit an upregulated expression of the NX pathway. Based on former data on a stimulatory effect of nitrogen starvation on carotenoid biosynthesis, we developed culture conditions with carS mutants allowing the production of deep-pigmented mycelia. With this method, we obtained samples with ca. 8 mg NX/g dry mass, in turn the highest concentration for this carotenoid described so far. NX-rich extracts obtained from these samples were used in parallel with carS-complemented NX-poor extracts obtained under the same conditions, to check the antioxidant properties of this carotenoid in in vitro assays. NX-rich extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than NX-poor extracts, either when considering their quenching activity against [O2(1Δg)] in organic solvent (singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assays) or their scavenging activity against different free radicals in aqueous solution and in liposomes. These results make NX a promising carotenoid as a possible feed or food additive, and encourage further studies on its chemical properties.

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Carotenoid Production by Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts

Cited by 16 publications

References 375 publications

Protein Activity of the Fusarium fujikuroi Rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and Their Relation to Fungus–Plant Interaction

Protein Activity of the Fusarium fujikuroi Rhodopsins CarO and OpsA and Their Relation to Fungus–Plant Interaction

A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health

Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties

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