Carotenoid Photooxidation in Photosystem II

Tracewell, Cara A.; Vrettos, John S.; Bautista, James A.; Frank, Harry A.; Brudvig, Gary W.

doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2150

Cited by 181 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To further test this possibility, we analyzed the expression of Lhcb1.1 (also known as CAB2), Lhcb1. 4 and RbcS, which have been demonstrated as a class of nuclear genes regulated by retrograde signaling [32]. In spc1-1, expression of these genes had no substantial reduction.…”

Section: Impaired Retrograde Signaling In Spc1mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Carotenoid deficiency often causes a reduced PS II activity [4]. To examine the possible effects of the spc1-1 mutation on the PS II activity, we carried out a chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis, of which the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) represents the maximum potential capacity of the PS II photochemical reactions [53].…”

Section: Reduced Ps II Activity In Spc1-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In higher plants, carotenoids are largely tetraterpenoid pigments of chloroplast and chromoplast membranes, characterized as a C 40 backbone with polyene chains. Carotenoids not only are important accessory pigments in the light-harvesting complex but also function as redox intermediates in the process of electron transfer in photosystem II (PS II) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Moreover, carotenoids play important roles in photoprotection by quenching free radicals, singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from excessive light, thereby protecting plants from these oxidative insults [4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carotenoids not only are important accessory pigments in the light-harvesting complex but also function as redox intermediates in the process of electron transfer in photosystem II (PS II) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Moreover, carotenoids play important roles in photoprotection by quenching free radicals, singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from excessive light, thereby protecting plants from these oxidative insults [4,7]. These pigments are also known to provide the yellow, red and orange coloration of many fruits, flowers and vegetables, which, in nature, are beneficial for pollination and seed spreading [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These developmental defects are partly attributed to the loss of or reduced carotenoid-mediated antioxidant activity, impaired chlorophyll biosynthesis and reduced PS II capacity [4,[26][27][28]. Moreover, the ABAdeficient phenotype is often associated with precocious seed germination (viviparous), reduced seed dormancy and compromised stress response [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments found in all photosynthetic organisms, are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Although carotenoid biosynthesis has been well studied biochemically, the genetic basis of the pathway is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, spontaneous cell death1-1 (spc1-1) and spc1-2. The weak allele spc1-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide and mosaic cell death. The strong mutant allele spc1-2 caused a complete arrest of plant growth and development shortly after germination, leading to a seedling-lethal phenotype. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that SPC1 encodes a putative z-carotene desaturase (ZDS) in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of carotenoids revealed that several major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spc1-1, suggesting that SPC1 is a functional ZDS. Consistent with the downregulated expression of CAO and PORB, the chlorophyll content was decreased in spc1-1 plants. In addition, expression of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4 and RbcS was absent in spc1-2, suggesting the possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The spc1-1 mutant also displays an ABA-deficient phenotype that can be partially rescued by the externally supplied phytohormone. These results suggest that SPC1/ZDS is essential for biosynthesis of carotenoids and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.

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Section: Impaired Retrograde Signaling In Spc1mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Reduced Ps II Activity In Spc1-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

et al. 2007

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Metal Ions in Cyanobacterial PhotosystemII

Loll

Biesiadka

2004

Handbook of Metalloproteins

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Development of oxygenic photosynthesis provided the primeval reducing atmosphere with oxygen that is essential for all presently existing higher forms of heterotrophic life including human beings. Oxygenic photosynthesis is initiated at photosystem II (PSII), a multi‐subunit protein complex that is decorated with various cofactors and located in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants. PSII captures sunlight with its antenna proteins and converts it to chemical energy by catalyzing water oxidation to atmospheric oxygen, protons and electrons. The reducing electrons are exploited in subsequent steps in the formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) used to reduce CO 2 to carbohydrates. We discuss here the presently most complete structure of cyanobacterial PSII that includes 35 chlorophyll a , 11 carotenoids, 2 pheophytins a , 2 plastoquinones, 2 hemes, bicarbonate, 14 lipids, 3 detergent molecules ( n ‐dodecyl‐β‐ D ‐maltoside), 4 Mn‐atoms, 2 Ca 2+ , and Fe 2+ that are embedded within 19 protein subunits per monomer. Water oxidation takes place at a redox‐active metal cluster that is composed of 4 Mn‐cations and 1 Ca 2+ cation. The arrangement, geometry and coordination of the metal ions in the Mn 4 Ca‐cluster provide information essential for understanding mechanistic aspects of water oxidation.

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