Carotenoid intakes and risk of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status: a pooled analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies

Zhang, Xuehong

doi:10.4016/39352.01

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…42 This is consistent with prior studies where both dietary intake and circulating levels of carotenoids have been inversely associated with breast cancer, especially ER-negative tumors. 4,43,44 Our results also support a role of vitamin C, which also may act as an antioxidant in reducing breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow‐up

Farvid

Chen

Rosner

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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We evaluated the relation of fruit and vegetable consumption, including specific fruits and vegetables, with incident breast cancer characterized by menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and molecular subtypes. Fruit and vegetable consumption, cumulatively averaged across repeated, validated questionnaires, was examined in relation to risk of invasive breast cancer among 182,145 women initially aged 27-59y in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012) and NHSII (1991-2013). Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for known risk factors, was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and assessed tumors by hormone receptor status and molecular subtypes. We prospectively documented 10,911 invasive breast cancer cases. Greater intake of total fruits and vegetables, especially cruciferous and yellow/orange vegetables, was associated with significantly lower breast cancer risk (>5.5 versus ≤2.5 servings/day HR=0.89, 95%CI=0.83-0.96; P =0.005). Intake of total vegetables was especially associated with lower risk of estrogen receptor negative tumors (HR per 2 additional servings/day as a continuous variable=0.85, 95%CI=0.77-0.93; P =0.02). Among molecular subtypes, higher intake of total fruits and vegetables (HR per 2 additional servings/day as a continuous variable) was most strongly associated with lower risk of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched (HR=0.78, 95%CI=0.66-0.92), basal-like (HR=0.85, 95%CI=0.73-0.99), and luminal A (HR=0.94, 95%CI=0.89-0.99), but not with luminal B tumors (P =0.03). In conclusion, our findings support that higher intake of fruits and vegetables, and specifically cruciferous and yellow/orange vegetables, may reduce the risk of breast cancer, especially those that are more likely to be aggressive tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow‐up

Farvid

Chen

Rosner

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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“…The striking divergence between ER-positive and -negative breast cancer rates in Denmark and the US could be explained by trends in environmental and lifestyle risk factors with dual effects; two such possible risk factors are pregnancy (or parity) 27,28 and obesity, 29,30 which are decreasing and increasing, respectively, in both the US 6,7 and Denmark. 8,9 In fact, new breast cancer cases appear to be rising worldwide because of the consequences of changing reproductive, hormonal and dietary risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent estrogen receptor‐positive and ‐negative breast cancer trends and etiologic heterogeneity in Denmark

Anderson

Rosenberg

Petito

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Long-term breast cancer trends in incidence in the United States (US) show rising ER positive rates and falling ER negative rates. We hypothesized that these divergent trends reflect etiologic heterogeneity and that comparable trends should be observed in other countries with similar risk factor profiles. We, therefore, analyzed invasive female breast cancers in Denmark, a country with similar risk factors as the US. We summarized the overall trend in age-standardized rates with the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) statistic (1993–2010) and used age-period-cohort models to estimate age-specific EAPCs, cohort rate ratios (CRRs), and projections for future time periods (2011–2018). In Denmark, the overall rate of ER positive cancers rose between 1993 and 2010 by 3·0%/year (95% CI: 2·8 to 3·3%/yr) while the overall rate of ER negative cancers fell by 2·1%/year (95% CI: −2·5 to −1·6%/yr). The ER positive rate increased fastest among postmenopausal women and the ER negative rate decreased fastest among premenopausal women, reflecting that cohorts born after 1944 were at relatively higher risk of ER positive tumors and lower risk of ER negative tumors. If current trends continue, ER positive cancers will increase at least 13% by 2018 in Denmark, ER negative cancers will fall 15% by 2018, and breast cancer overall will increase at least 7% by 2018. Divergent ER-specific trends are consistent with distinct etiologic pathways. If trends in known risk factors are responsible, the Danish and US experience may foreshadow a common pattern worldwide.

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“…24,32 Other factors, such as high levels of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity, have also been linked to a lower risk of ER-breast cancers. 33,34 Long-Term Mortality Trends Figure 1 also shows trends in death rates for breast cancer by age at death. After slowly increasing for many years (0.4% annually from 1975-1990), breast cancer death rates decreased by 34% from 1990 to 2010.…”

Section: Incidence Trends By Age and Er Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer statistics, 2013

DeSantis

Bryan

et al. 2013

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

1,863

1,320

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In this article, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Approximately 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 39,620 breast cancer deaths are expected to occur among US women in 2013. One in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. Breast cancer incidence rates increased slightly among African American women; decreased among Hispanic women; and were stable among whites, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/ Alaska Natives from 2006 to 2010. Historically, white women have had the highest breast cancer incidence rates among women aged 40 years and older; however, incidence rates are converging among white and African American women, particularly among women aged 50 years to 59 years. Incidence rates increased for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in the youngest white women, Hispanic women aged 60 years to 69 years, and all but the oldest African American women. In contrast, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers declined among most age and racial/ethnic groups. These divergent trends may reflect etiologic heterogeneity and the differing effects of some factors, such as obesity and parity, on risk by tumor subtype. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have dropped by 34% and this decrease was evident in all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives. Nevertheless, survival disparities persist by race/ethnicity, with African American women having the poorest breast cancer survival of any racial/ethnic group. Continued progress in the control of breast cancer will require sustained and increased efforts to provide high-quality screening, diagnosis, and treatment to all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:52-62.

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Carotenoid intakes and risk of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status: a pooled analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow‐up

Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow‐up

Divergent estrogen receptor‐positive and ‐negative breast cancer trends and etiologic heterogeneity in Denmark

Breast cancer statistics, 2013

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