Carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression, pigment and n-3 fatty acid contents in carotenoid-rich Tetraselmis striata CTP4 strains under heat stress combined with high light

Schüler, Lisa; Bombo, Gabriel; Duarte, Paulo; Santos, Tamára; Maia, Inês B.; Pinheiro, Filipa; Marques, João Filipe; Jacinto, Rita; Schulze, Peter S.C.; Pereira, Hugo; Barreira, Luísa; Varela, João

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125385

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Surprisingly, the IC 50 values for all cell lines were higher in the freshly prepared extract than the values reported in the initial screening. This discrepancy of activity between the extracts could be explained by the origin of the biomass, which is grown in an industrial setting for other applications (e.g., aquaculture feed, cosmetic industry) and where it is standard practice to perform constant optimization of culture conditions (e.g., light, temperature, nutrient availability, salinity) [59][60][61][62] to enhance productivity. This leads to fluctuation in the composition of biomass in between batches, including in the amount of the compounds responsible for the bioactivity (e.g., cytotoxic capacity).…”

Section: Anti-tumoral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals

et al. 2022

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Microalgae are an untapped source of bioactive compounds with various biotechnological applications. Several species are industrially produced and commercialized for the feed or cosmetic industries, however, other applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical markets can be foreseen. In this study, nine industrial/commercial species were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, calcium-chelating, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most promising extracts were fractionated yielding several promising fractions namely, of Tetraselmis striata CTP4 with anti-inflammatory activity (99.0 ± 0.8% reduction in TNF-α production in LPS stimulated human macrophages at 50 µg/mL), of Phaeodactylum Tricornutum with cytotoxicity towards cancerous cell lines (IC50 = 22.3 ± 1.8 μg/mL and 27.5 ± 1.6 μg/mL for THP-1 and HepG2, respectively) and of Porphyridium sp. and Skeletonema sp. with good chelating activity for iron, copper and calcium (IC50 = 0.047, 0.272, 0.0663 mg/mL and IC50 = 0.055, 0.240, 0.0850 mg/mL, respectively). These fractions were chemically characterized by GC–MS after derivatization and in all, fatty acids at various degrees of unsaturation were the most abundant compounds. Some of the species under study proved to be potentially valuable sources of antioxidant, metal chelators, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory compounds with possible application in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Anti-tumoral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals

et al. 2022

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“…Upon mutagenesis, colonies resistant to these inhibitors often contain mutations in the gene encoding an enzyme or a regulatory factor of the (partially) suppressed metabolic pathway. These mutations often cause higher metabolic flows through enhanced gene expression to overcome the metabolic inhibitor during the selection procedure [ 116 ]. In turn, such changes often lead to higher compound content and/or productivities in the respective mutants.…”

Section: Strategies For Microalgal Strain Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, norflurazon and fluoridone inhibit phytoene desaturase, which is responsible for the desaturation of phytoene to phytofluene [ 117 ]. However, norflurazon-resistant mutants of Tetraselmis striata did not only show higher carotenoid content but also higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content, which suggests that norflurazon may also block the fatty acid desaturases of the PUFA pathway [ 116 ]. A similar pleiotropic effect has been found for diphenylamine (DPA), which is also widely used as an inhibitor of phytoene desaturase; however, in Haematococcus pluvialis , DPA-induced inhibition of β -carotene oxygenation and hydroxylation has been described, two key steps for the production of the xanthophyll astaxanthin [ 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Strategies For Microalgal Strain Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production

Trovão

Schüler

Machado³

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed.

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“…The extraction and analysis of pigments were performed according to Schüler et al [40]. About 5-10 mg of dried microalgal biomass was resuspended in 1 mL of methanol, and about 0.6 mL of glass beads (425-600 µm) were added.…”

Section: Pigments' Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying Microalgae Using an Industrial Solar Dryer: A Biomass Quality Assessment

Schmid

Navalho

Schulze

et al. 2022

Foods

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Microalgae are considered a promising resource of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other functional biomolecules for food and feed markets. Competitive drying solutions are required to meet future demands for high-quality algal biomass while ensuring proper preservation at reduced costs. Since often used drying methods, such as freeze or spray drying, are energy and time consuming, more sustainable processes remain to be developed. This study tested an indirect and hybrid solar dryer as an alternative to conventional freeze drying of industrially produced Tetraselmis chui and Nannochloropsis oceanica wet paste. The effects of the drying method on biomass quality parameters, including biochemical profiles, functional properties, and microbial safety, were assessed. No significant differences were found between the applied drying technologies for total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fatty acid profiles. On the other hand, some pigments showed significant differences, displaying up to 44.5% higher contents in freeze-dried samples. Minor differences were also registered in the mineral profiles (<10%). Analyses of microbial safety and functional properties of the solar-dried biomass appear adequate for food and feed products. In conclusion, industrial solar drying is a sustainable technology with a high potential to preserve high-quality microalgal biomass for various markets at expected lower costs.

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Carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression, pigment and n-3 fatty acid contents in carotenoid-rich Tetraselmis striata CTP4 strains under heat stress combined with high light

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals

Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals

Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production

Drying Microalgae Using an Industrial Solar Dryer: A Biomass Quality Assessment

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