Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants

Barański, Rafał; Cazzonelli, Christopher I

doi:10.1002/9781118622223.ch10

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…It has been proposed that genes encoding enzymes involved in isoprenoid and carotenoid biosynthesis are subjected to positive and negative feedback regulatory processes. Several of these molecules are able to mediate signaling processes in order to attain a balanced supply of precursors and assure the adjustment of biosynthesis in response to developmental and environmental cues [ 58 ]. It has been hypothesized that the genes are silent under optimal culture conditions and only activated under certain conditions [ 13 ].…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments

Gmoser

Ferreira

Lennartsson

et al. 2017

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

120

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Filamentous fungi, including the ascomycetes Monascus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Neurospora, are being explored as novel sources of natural pigments with biological functionality for food, feed and cosmetic applications. Such edible fungi can be used in biorefineries for the production of ethanol, animal feed and pigments from waste sources. The present review gathers insights on fungal pigment production covering biosynthetic pathways and stimulatory factors (oxidative stress, light, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources, temperature, co-factors, surfactants, oxygen, tricarboxylic acid intermediates and morphology) in addition to pigment extraction, analysis and identification methods. Pigmentation is commonly regarded as the output of secondary protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and light. Although several studies have examined pigmentation in Monascus spp., research gaps exist in the investigation of interactions among factors as well as process development on larger scales under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Currently, research on pigmentation in Neurospora spp. is at its infancy, but the increasing interest for biorefineries shows potential for booming research in this area.

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Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments

Gmoser

Ferreira

Lennartsson

et al. 2017

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

120

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“…Photosystems I and II are composed of varying amounts of Chl a , Chl b , β‐carotene, and xanthophylls (lutein, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin) which facilitate quenching of excess PSII energy. Carotenoid pigments play an important function in facilitating photosynthesis and photoprotection, thereby contributing to an optimal carbon balance from source (leaf) to sink (fruit) (Baranski & Cazzonelli, 2016; Demmig‐Adams, Garab, Adams, and Govindjee, 2014). A reduction in photosynthesis will lower the supply of carbon in source leaves and carbohydrate translocation to sinks such as fruits, thereby affecting fruit set (Aloni, Karni, Zaidman, & Schaffer, 1996; Turner & Wien, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐limited photosynthesis under energy‐saving film decreases eggplant yield

Chavan

Maier

Alagöz

et al. 2020

Food and Energy Security

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“…Carotenoid pigments play an important function in facilitating photoprotection and reducing photo-oxidation damage in leaves from plants exposed to certain stresses (Demmig-Adams et al 2014). Carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and storage are concomitantly controlled in a tissue-specific manner to maintain an optimum balance matching the prevailing environmental conditions (Alagoz et al 2018;Baranski and Cazzonelli 2016). In chloroplasts, the photosystems contain Chl a and b-carotene bound to plastid-encoded polypeptides, and the light harvesting complex (LHC), which is composed of nuclear-encoded light harvesting proteins that bind to Chl a and Chl b, and several xanthophylls (lutein, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin; as well as lutein epoxide in some species) (Caffarri et al 2001;Morosinotto et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extreme heatwave enhanced the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state in leaves of Eucalyptus trees grown in the field

Dhami

Drake

Tjoelker

et al. 2020

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Heatwaves are becoming more frequent with climate warming and can impact tree growth and reproduction. Eucalyptus parramattensis can cope with an extreme heatwave in the field via transpiratory cooling and enhanced leaf thermal tolerance that protected foliar tissues from photo-inhibition and photo-oxidation during natural midday irradiance. Here, we explored whether changes in foliar carotenoids and/or the xanthophyll cycle state can facilitate leaf acclimation to long-term warming and/or an extreme heatwave event. We found that leaves had similar carotenoid levels when grown for one year under ambient and experimental long-term warming (? 3 °C) conditions in whole tree chambers. Exposure to a 4-day heatwave ([ 43 °C) significantly altered the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state of carotenoids revealing one mechanism by which trees could minimise foliar photo-oxidative damage. The levels of zeaxanthin were significantly higher in both young and old leaves during the heatwave, revealing that violaxanthin de-epoxidation and perhaps de novo zeaxanthin synthesis contributed to enhancement of the xanthophyll cycle state. In a future climate of long-term warming and increased heatwave events, leaves of E. parramattensis will be able to utilise biochemical strategies to alter the xanthophyll cycle state and cope with extreme temperatures under natural solar irradiation.

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Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants

Cited by 27 publications

References 172 publications

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments

Light‐limited photosynthesis under energy‐saving film decreases eggplant yield

An extreme heatwave enhanced the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state in leaves of Eucalyptus trees grown in the field

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