“…The control group (n=6) received 0.9% saline subcutaneously once a day. The Nicotine group (n=7) received 4 mg/kg subcutaneous nicotine injections once a day (19). Cornus Mas group (n=7) was administered 1000 mg/kg Cornus mas extract in 0.5 ml saline was given via gavage (20).…”