Carnot battery technology: A state-of-the-art review

Dumont, Olivier; Frate, Guido Francesco; Pillai, Aditya; Lecompte, Steven; Paepe, Michel De; Lemort, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101756

Cited by 198 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…With this, a rough but solid assessment of the heat exchanger operation is possible, enabling the estimation of the extension of each region (l, 2p, v) during reversible operation. The transferred heat in the heat exchanger in relation to the heat exchanger area is the specific heat flow density, as shown in Equation (1). The total amount of transferred heatQ is known because of the design boundary conditions and experimental data.…”

Section: Analytical Model To Calculate the Filling Of A Heat Exchangermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In medium-and large-scale applications for midterm storage duration (hours to days), the use of pumped thermal energy storages (PTES) is increasing. These employ Carnot batteries which are presented with different concepts for a huge range of applications [1]. The heat pump cycle (HP) converts low temperature heat into high temperature heat by the use of electrical energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device

et al. 2021

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The combined heat pump–organic Rankine cycle is a thermal–electrical storage concept which allows the reversible use of components in both operation modes (loading and unloading the storage). This saves in terms of investment costs but also creates challenges during design and operation. A heat exchanger is an expensive component destined to be used for the reversible purposes of a heat pump condenser and an organic Rankine cycle evaporator. In this study, the operation of such an apparatus was evaluated based on an analytical model, experimental data and thermal imaging. This study shows that the model can predict the filling of the apparatus distinguished by liquid, vapour and the two-phase region. The thermal imaging supports the model and gives the location of the regions. Connecting both methods, a valid statement about the current condition of the heat exchanger is possible. Due to very small pinch points, the apparatus is not efficiently used in the investigated modes. Extending the pinch to 2 K can already save up to 46.1% of the heat exchange area. The quality of the heat transfer in the evaporator (q˙ORC = 10.9 kW/m2) is clearly higher than in the condenser (q˙HP = 6.1 kW/m2).

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Section: Analytical Model To Calculate the Filling Of A Heat Exchangermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device

et al. 2021

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“…The maximum electrical output power is then 1.5 MW, while the storage has a capacity of 30 MWh electric, with a round-trip efficiency of about 45% [8][9][10]. Further, two thermally integrated PTES (TI-PTES) with heat pump/organic Rankine cycle in lab-scale were built in Liege, Belgium [18]. Utilising waste thermal energy at 75 °C as the cold source for the heat pump a round-trip efficiency of 100% is reached [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, two thermally integrated PTES (TI-PTES) with heat pump/organic Rankine cycle in lab-scale were built in Liege, Belgium [18]. Utilising waste thermal energy at 75 °C as the cold source for the heat pump a round-trip efficiency of 100% is reached [18,19]. A liquid-air energy storage (LAES) with 8% round-trip efficiency from the company Highview Power delivering 350kW (2.5MWh) was tested from 2011 to 2014 in Greater London [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary prospects of a Carnot-battery based on a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

Rindt¹,

Hrdlička²,

Novotny³

2021

Preprint

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As part of the change towards a higher deployment of renewable energy sources, which naturally deliver energy intermittently, the need for energy storage systems is increasing. For compensation of disturbance in power production due to inter-day to seasonal weather changes, long-term energy storage is required. In the spectrum of storage systems, one out of a few geographically independent possibilities is the storage of electricity in heat, so-called Carnot-Batteries. This paper presents a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) system based on a recuperated supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. The modelled system provides a round-trip efficiency of 38.9%.

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“…Además, estas reacciones juegan un papel clave en las pilas de combustible donde la oxidación de compuestos químicos como hidrógeno, metanol e hidrocarburos genera energía eléctrica con una mayor eficiencia en la conversión que la obtenida con energía térmica basándose en el ciclo de Carnot, que es aproximadamente del 30 %. [50][51][52] Además de la catálisis térmica y la electrocatálisis, los materiales derivados del grafeno también presentan actividad fotocatalítica donde la energía de los fotones es absorbida por el material, produciéndose un estado se separación de cargas electrón-hueco. [53][54][55] Así, este estado de separación de cargas puede ocasionar reacciones de reducción u oxidación.…”

Section: Defectos Y Catálisisunclassified

Materiales a base de grafenos como foto-(electro)catalizadores para la generación de hidrógeno

Patiño¹

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Capítulo 7. Actividad fotocatalítica en la ruptura de la molécula de agua de carbones grafíticos microporosos dopados con nitrógeno…………………………………………………… 7.1. Introducción………………………………………………………. 7.2. Resultados y discusión…………………………………………. 7.3. Actividad catalítica………………………………………………. 7.4. Conclusiones………………………………………………………. 7.5. Referencias…………………………………………………………. Capítulo 8. Sección experimental………………………………… 8.1. Síntesis de materiales………………………………………….. 8.1.1. Preparación de películas de grafeno a partir de poliestireno………………………………………………………. 8.1.2. Preparación de esferas de sílice…………………………… 8.1.3. Preparación de esponjas de grafeno…………………….. 8.1.4. Exfoliación de nitruro de boro…………………………….. 8.1.5. Preparación de películas de la heterounión grafeno y nitruro de boro………………………………………………..

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Carnot battery technology: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 198 publications

References 68 publications

Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device

Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device

Preliminary prospects of a Carnot-battery based on a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

Materiales a base de grafenos como foto-(electro)catalizadores para la generación de hidrógeno

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