Carnosine and the processes of ageing

High-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide useful animal model for type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. We investigated the effects of CAR on oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ rats. Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks, and then a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; five times a week) was administered to the rats for the last four weeks. CAR significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (57.7%), cholesterol (35.6%) levels and hepatic marker enzyme activities of HFD+STZ rats. It significantly reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23.7%), AGEs (13.4%) and advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) (35.9%) and hepatic TG (59%), ROS (26%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (11.5%), protein carbonyl (PC) (19.2%) and AGE (20.2%) levels. Liver steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were also significantly reduced. However, CAR treatment did not alter serum glucose and blood glycated haemoglobin and hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme activities/mRNA expressions in HFD+STZ rats. Our results indicate that CAR decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products, such as MDA, AGE, AOPP and PC in the serum and liver and ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in HFD+STZ rats. This effect may be related to its anti-oxidative, anti-glycating, and anti-lipogenic potential.

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“…; Hipkiss et al . ). It detoxifies reactive dicarbonyl compounds such as 4‐hydroxynonenal and forms adducts with them (Aldini et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It also reacts directly with PC groups and produces PC‐CAR adducts or carnosinylated proteins and inhibits oxidative conversion of glycated proteins to AGEs (Hipkiss et al . , ). These properties of CAR are important for inactivation/removal of damaged proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Aydın

Bingül

Küçükgergin

et al. 2017

Int J Experimental Path

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“…The obtained results highlight that, apart from the CA II isoform, on which all imidazole derivatives show very poor activities, almost all tested molecules elicit significant activating effects which appear to be more marked on the hCA VA and hCA IX isozymes. As mentioned in the Introduction, various biological activities were reported for carnosine and its derivatives [22] and the still debated mechanisms were substantially related to their chemical properties and in particular to the specific characteristics of the imidazole ring which render such molecules antioxidants, buffers, metal-chelators and carbonyl quenchers [23,24]. All reported therapeutic effects were supposed to be an indirect consequence of the above cited chemical effects and until now very few direct mechanisms based on the carnosine interaction with specific targets were reported [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation Effects of Carnosine- and Histidine-Containing Dipeptides on Human Carbonic Anhydrases: A Comprehensive Study

Vistoli

Aldini

Fumagalli

et al. 2020

IJMS

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l-Carnosine (β-Ala-l-His) and several other histidine-containing peptides, including two N-methylated forms on the imidazole ring (l-anserine and l-balenine), two derivatives modified on the carboxyl function (carcinine and l-carnosinamide), two analogues differing in the length of the N-terminal residue (l-homocarnosine and Gly-l-His) and the N-acetyl derivatives, were investigated as activators of four isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The four human isoforms hCA I, II, VA and IX were activated in the low to high micromolar range, with a rather complex structure activity relationship. A performed computational study allowed us to rationalize these results and to propose a binding mode of these activators within the enzyme active site. Similarly to other CA activators, the here studied peptides could find relevant pharmacological applications such as in the management of CA deficiencies, for therapy memory and enhancing cognition or for artificial tissues engineering.

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“…Carnosine, a dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine), has long been associated with anti-ageing and cell longevity by suppression of cell senescence, induction of rejuvenating effects and protection against telomere shortening [9]. The mechanism through which it perpetrates this activity is thought to be a combination of its antiglycation, antioxidant, and metal ion chelating activities [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Facial Cream Containing Carnosine Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Human Skin

Narda

Peno-Mazzarino

Krutmann

et al. 2018

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in skin has been associated with skin aging. Inhibition of glycation of proteins of extracellular matrix may help skin texture and appearance. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the antiglycation activity of topically applied carnosine and novel facial cream (FC) containing carnosine in human skin explants ex vivo. Methods: Glycation was induced in human skin explants by methylglyoxal (MG) in culture media. FC containing carnosine (FC-CARN) or carnosine in aqueous solution (AQ-CARN) was applied topically on skin explants. Levels of AGEs carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and pentosidine were determined in the epidermis and dermis of skin sections and were used to calculate antiglycation activity. Results: Exposure to MG led to increases in CML and pentosidine in skin explants. Antiglycation effect for AQ-CARN was CML: –64 and –41%, pentosidine: –48 and 42% in epidermis and reticular dermis respectively. Antiglycation effect for FC-CARN was CML: –150 and –122%, pentosidine: –108 and –136%, in epidermis and reticular dermis respectively. Conclusion: Topically applied carnosine protects against the glycation induced by MG. Novel FC-CARN significantly reduced levels of AGEs in both epidermis and reticular dermis in human skin explants.

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Carnosine and the processes of ageing

Cited by 55 publications

References 73 publications

Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Activation Effects of Carnosine- and Histidine-Containing Dipeptides on Human Carbonic Anhydrases: A Comprehensive Study

Novel Facial Cream Containing Carnosine Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Human Skin

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