Carnobacterium inhibens sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Abstract

Strain KIT, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), has the capacity to inhibit the growth of the fish pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida. Strain K I T is a motile Gram-positive psychrophilic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, which does not grow on acetate containing media, but grows at pH 9 and in TSB with up to 6 O/ O sodium chloride content. Strain K I T is facultatively anaerobic and tryptone as a sole source of nutrient promotes growth. The most abundant cellular fatty acid of strain K I T is oleic acid (18: 1cis9). Based on 165 rDNA sequence comparisons, it is suggested that strain K I T is phylogenetically closely related to C. altenfunditum. However, the unique phenotypic attributes of strain K I T suggest that it represents a new species. The name Carnobacterium inhibens is proposed, for which the type strain is K I T (= CCUG 317283.

Meningoencephalitis Associated With Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–Like Bacteria in Stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis)

“…3 Species of Carnobacterium are frequent inhabitants of the intestine, urogenital tracts, and gills of both fresh and salt water teleosts, in both aquaculture and in wild populations. 1,7,9,[15][16][17] These organisms can also be cultured from temperate and polar ocean waters, as well as certain terrestrial environments. 11,20 Some species of Carnobacterium are known to produce bacteriocins, proteins that kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria, and this property has led to continuing interest and use of Carnobacterium species as probiotics in aquaculture and food preservation.…”

Identification of Carnobacterium Species by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the 16S-23S rRNA Gene Intergenic Spacer Region and Species-Specific PCR

“…The five species isolated from foods, such as poultry, meat, sausage, cheese, and seafood, are Carnobacterium piscicola, C. divergens, C. mobile, C. gallinarum, and C. viridans (4,13,19,20,21,31,33,34). C. funditum and C. alterfunditum were isolated from anoxic Antarctic lake waters (15), while C. inhibens was isolated from the intestine of an Atlantic salmon (23). A Lactobacillus species, Lactobacillus maltaromicus, was found to be very similar to C. piscicola, and recently these two species have been considered synonymous (35).…”

Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…The positive control bacteria, C. inhibens which Jöborn et al [41] reported to display antagonistic effect against A. salmonicida, showed no sign of antagonism in the present study. This observation therefore indicates that antagonisitic activity of C. inhibens is only effective when cells are actively incubated together or that antagonistic extracellular products are only produced by C. inhibens in the presence of A. salmonicida.…”