Carnobacterium iners sp. nov., a psychrophilic, lactic acid-producing bacterium from the littoral zone of an Antarctic pond

Abstract

Two lactic acid-producing, Gram-stain-positive rods were isolated from a microbial mat actively growing in the littoral zone of an Antarctic lake (Forlidas Pond) in the Pensacola mountains and studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were examined by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence analysis of pheS, rpoA and atpA, and biochemical and genotypic characteristics. The genus Carnobacterium was created to accommodate heterofermentative, facultatively anaerobic, psychrotolerant, rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria that produce L-lactic acid from glucose. At the time of writing, the genus Carnobacterium comprises 10 species with validly published names. Most of them were isolated from food of animal origin and/or living fish, except for Carnobacterium alterfunditum, Carnobacterium funditum and Carnobacterium pleistocenium which were isolated from cold environments with low nutrient contents, such as Antarctic ice lakes and permafrost ice (Franzmann et al., 1991;Pikuta et al., 2005). .2] at 4 u C for 10 days and 20 u C for 4 days, respectively. The clonality of these isolates was investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting using primers and RAPD-272 (59-AGCGGGCCAA-39), as described by Mahenthiralingam et al. (1996). The fingerprints indicated that isolates LMG 26642 T , LMG 26896, R-37000 and R-36994 were genetically identical, as was the case for LMG 26641 and LMG 26897 (data not shown).Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed as described by Vancanneyt et al. (2004) for strains LMG 26642T and LMG 26641. PCR products were purified using a Nucleofast 96 PCR clean up membrane system (Macherey-Nagel, Germany). The sequencing primers were Abbreviations: MLSA, multilocus sequence analysis; rep, repetitive element palindromic.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene, pheS, rpoA and atpA sequences of strain LMG 26642T are HE583595 and HE578182-HE578184, respectively.

High-Altitude Living Shapes the Skin Microbiome in Humans and Pigs

“…Carnobacterium spp. are extremophiles that have been isolated from environments including Siberian permafrost ( Leonard et al, 2013 ) and an Antarctic pond ( Snauwaert et al, 2013 ). Interestingly, two permafrost isolates ( Carnobacterium gilichinskyi and Carnobacterium funditum ) grew under the extreme conditions of simulated Martian soil, characterized by low temperature (0°C), low-pressure (7 mPa), and CO 2 -enriched anoxic conditions ( Nicholson et al, 2013 ).…”

Secondary Metabolites from Polar Organisms

“…Physiological adaptations have enabled psychrophilic organisms to thrive in the polar regions, especially microorganisms which are high in number and usually uncharacterized [2,3,4,5]. However, when compared to the large number of polar microorganisms which have been reported, very few have been screened for the production of interesting secondary metabolites.…”

A reported Antarctic environmental microorganism isolated from the blood of sheep on the Mongolian Plateau

“…† Data for C. mobile were taken from Collins et al [15] . ‡Data for C. iners were taken from Snauwaert et al [5] .…”

“…The species C. divergens, C. gallinarum and C. mobile are frequently encountered in the environment and in foods. C. antarcticum, C. alterfunditum, C. funditum and C. iners were isolated from sandy soil, anoxic lake water and the littoral zone of Antarctica [2,4,5]. C. inhibens and C. maltaromaticum were found in Atlantic salmon and infected Lake Whitefish, respectively [6,7].…”