Carnitine Concentrations in Dialysed and Undialysed Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Rodrı́guez-Segade, Santiago; Pena, C.; Паз, Мануел Посада де ла; Novoa, D.; Romero, Rafael; Arcocha, V.; Rio, R Del

doi:10.1177/000456328602300608

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…HD is of particular note because it induces a substantial loss of carnitine from the skeletal and cardiac muscle. The typical plasma carnitine profiles in patients on chronic dialysis, as compared with the normal controls, show decreased FC, normal or subnormal TC [28,29], and significantly elevated AC/FC ratio, corresponding to the current data. The previous study showed that L-carnitine deficiency progresses with time on dialysis [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of <i>L</i>-Carnitine Supplementation on Cardiac Morbidity in Hemodialyzed Patients

Matsumoto

Sato

Ohashi³

et al. 2000

Am J Nephrol

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Cardiac diseases are well known among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), and carnitine deficiency may be an important factor in cardiac morbidity. We studied the effects of low-dose L-carnitine treatment (500 mg/day) on chest symptoms (dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, palpitation), cardiac function, and left ventricular (LV) mass in 9 HD patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF). After 6 months of L-carnitine treatment, most patients had at least some improvement in chest symptoms, while LVEF was increased and LV mass was decreased. Carnitine fractions increased and reached plateaus at 2–3 times the baseline levels. These results suggest that prolonged low-dose L-carnitine treatment can improve the cardiac morbidity by restoring decreased carnitine tissue levels and impaired oxidation of FFA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effects of <i>L</i>-Carnitine Supplementation on Cardiac Morbidity in Hemodialyzed Patients

Matsumoto

Sato

Ohashi³

et al. 2000

Am J Nephrol

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“…[76] Regarding vitamin C, it functions as a cofactor for biosynthesis of carnitine, [77,78] and it exerts a protective role against the peroxidative damage through its lipid-lowering effect. [79] Carnitine itself has antioxidant action and a strong inhibitory effect on free radical production, [80,81] and it exerts thiol and methionine-sparing activity. [82] Furthermore, recent data showed that L-carnitine treatment is able to modify some particular aspects of the inflammatory status characterizing CRF patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Antioxidants and L-Arginine Modulate Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Chronic Renal Failure Rats

Korish

2010

Renal Failure

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The kidney is an important source of L-arginine, the endogenous precursor of nitric oxide (NO). Surgical problems requiring extensive renal mass reduction (RMR) decrease renal NO production, leading to multiple hemodynamic and homeostatic disorders manifested by hypertension, oxidative stress, and increased inflammatory cytokines. Using the RMR model of chronic renal failure (CRF), we assessed the effects of twelve weeks' administration of L-arginine and/or a mixture of antioxidants (L-carnitine, catechin, vitamins E and C) on plasma cytokines, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrate and nitrites (NO 2 /NO 3 ), lipid profile, blood pressure, and renal function. CRF rats showed increased plasma IL-1a, IL1-b, IL-6, TNF-a, and sICAM-1 levels and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and 10 levels, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. L-arginine treatment improved kidney functions, decreased systolic blood pressure, and decreased inflammatory cytokines levels. Antioxidants administration decreased inflammatory cytokines and sICAM-1 levels and increased IL-4 levels. Combined use of both L-arginine and the antioxidant mixture were very effective in their tendency to recover normal values of kidney functions, plasma cytokines, sICAM-1, blood pressure, NO 2 /NO 3 , cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. Indeed, the effects of L-arginine and the antioxidants on the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines may open new perspectives in the treatment of uremia.

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“…Carnitine deficiency can develop in ESRD patients after HD is instituted [2, 3, 7, 38]because of dialytic loss [2], decreased dietary intake [4]and decreased endogenous biosynthesis [3]. Ratios of acyl/free carnitine may also become abnormal [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carnitine Supplementation on Muscle Metabolism by the Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in End-Stage Renal Disease

et al. 2004

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Background/Aim: A defect in skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism develops in patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis. Treatment with carnitine, a compound essential for normal mitochondrial function, has been suggested to have significant benefits in such patients, so we carried out a study to see if carnitine acts by improving muscle bioenergetics and function. Methods: In a phase II randomised double-blind trial, patients with end-stage renal disease received placebo or intravenous L-carnitine (20 mg/kg dry body weight three times weekly after haemodialysis) for 16 weeks (n = 13 in each group). ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ¹H magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to measure muscle bioenergetics and function at baseline and at 16 weeks. Results: There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. Mean plasma carnitine rose 10-fold in the carnitine group but was unchanged in the placebo group. L-Carnitine had no statistically significant effect on any of the parameters measured. The rate of proton efflux from muscle, as a measure of tissue perfusion, was low in both groups and was not affected by treatment. Conclusions: The study failed to show any significant effect of 16 weeks’ L-carnitine supplementation on these objective measures of muscle metabolism and function. Slow proton efflux from muscle provides evidence supporting low blood flow and, therefore, decreased oxygen availability, as an underlying mechanism for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in this disorder.

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Carnitine Concentrations in Dialysed and Undialysed Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of <i>L</i>-Carnitine Supplementation on Cardiac Morbidity in Hemodialyzed Patients

Effects of <i>L</i>-Carnitine Supplementation on Cardiac Morbidity in Hemodialyzed Patients

Multiple Antioxidants and L-Arginine Modulate Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Chronic Renal Failure Rats

Effects of Carnitine Supplementation on Muscle Metabolism by the Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in End-Stage Renal Disease

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