Carnitine and Depression

Liu, Ting; Deng, Kunhong; Xue, Ying; Yang, Rui; Yang, Rong; Gong, Zhicheng; Tang, Mimi

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.853058

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Higher levels of acyl carnitine metabolites were observed in men with abnormal depression and phobia scores, but the opposite direction of effect estimate was observed for anxiety, suggesting that depleted levels of these metabolites may be associated with worse scores in anxiety. Carnitine is often supplemented to alleviate depression [ 47 ], but our results were not consistent with the beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation observed in previous studies. This could be due to the fact that our study relied on self-reported scores while previous findings involved comparisons of metabolites with discrete clinical diagnoses [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study

et al. 2023

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Traditional approaches to understanding metabolomics in mental illness have focused on investigating a single disorder or comparisons between diagnoses, but a growing body of evidence suggests substantial mechanistic overlap in mental disorders that could be reflected by the metabolome. In this study, we investigated associations between global plasma metabolites and abnormal scores on the depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) among 405 older males who participated in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). Our analysis revealed overlapping and distinct metabolites associated with each mental health dimension subscale and four metabolites belonging to xenobiotic, carbohydrate, and amino acid classes that were consistently associated across all three symptom dimension subscales. Furthermore, three of these four metabolites demonstrated a higher degree of alteration in men who reported poor scores in all three dimensions compared to men with poor scores in only one, suggesting the potential for shared underlying biology but a differing degree of perturbation when depression and anxiety symptoms co-occur. Our findings implicate pathways of interest relevant to the overlap of mental health conditions in aging veterans and could represent clinically translatable targets underlying poor mental health in this high-risk population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study

et al. 2023

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“…In the future, longitudinal studies will be necessary to capture trajectories of changes over time in AC levels and depressive symptoms in order to properly disentangle trait vs state effects and provide empirical grounding for causal interpretation, triangulating evidence with experimental medicine approaches. To date, only few small studies with heterogeneous methodology tested carnitine/acetylcartinitine supplementation in depressed patients, producing inconsistent results [41] . In parallel, in-depth mechanistic studies could identify the precise biological mechanisms underlying the association between ACs and depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylcarnitines metabolism in depression: association with diagnostic status, depression severity and symptom profile in the NESDA cohort

Montanari,

Jansen,

Schranner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Acylcarnitines (ACs) are involved in bioenergetics processes that may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Studies linking AC levels to depression are few and provide mixed findings. We examined the association of circulating ACs levels with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) diagnosis, overall depression severity and specific symptom profiles. Methods: The sample from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety included participants with current (n=1035) or remitted (n=739) MDD and healthy controls (n=800). Plasma levels of four ACs (short-chain: acetylcarnitine C2 and propionylcarnitine C3; medium-chain: octanoylcarnitine C8 and decanoylcarnitine C10) were measured. Overall depression severity as well as atypical/energy-related (AES), anhedonic and melancholic symptom profiles were derived from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Results: As compared to healthy controls, subjects with current or remitted MDD presented similarly lower mean C2 levels (d=0.2, p<1e-4). Higher overall depression severity was significantly associated with higher C3 levels (est=0.06, SE=0.02, p=1.21e-3). No associations were found for C8 and C10. Focusing on symptom profiles, only higher AES scores were linked to lower C2 (est=-0.05, SE=0.02, p=1.85e-2) and higher C3 (est=0.08, SE=0.02, p=3.41e-5) levels. Results were confirmed in analyses pooling data with an additional internal replication sample from the same subjects measured at 6-year follow-up (totaling 4195 observations). Conclusions: Small alterations in levels of short-chain acylcarnitine levels were related to the presence and severity of depression, especially for symptoms reflecting altered energy homeostasis. Cellular metabolic dysfunctions may represent a key pathway in depression pathophysiology potentially accessible through AC metabolism.

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“…A possible exogenous cause is the higher intake of carnitine-rich foods in men, including meat, dairy products, and certain types of fish [45,46]. In non-vegetarians, 75% of the carnitine source is obtained from food, while the endogenous 25% relies on self-production and renal reabsorption related to the maintenance of homeostasis [47]. There is also a possibility that it is related to variability in absorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis by γ-butylbetaine and L-carnitin in plasma and urine revealed based on untargeted and targeted metabolomics

Zeng,

Wang,

Chi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has become an important factor in the global disease burden. In this study, the differential metabolites in urine were screened by untargeted metabolomics to find metabolic markers to compensate for the poor specificity and single defect of D-dimer, γ-butyl betaine (GBB), and L-carnitine (L-CN). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS / MS ) was used to verify the levels of GBB and L-CN in clinical and rat blood and urine at different stages of DVT, and the diagnostic titer and correlation analysis of GBB and L-CN with DVT were analyzed in an all-round manner. The levels of GBB and L-CN in plasma and urine were lower in patients with DVT and in Sprague-Dawley rats than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the trends of GBB and L-CN were similar in plasma and urine of humans and rats with DVT. In human plasma, the area under the curve (AUC) of GBB combined with D-dimer was 0.914 (P < 0.001) in the acute group and 0.895 (P < 0.001) for L-CN combined with D-dimer in the subacute group. In human urine, the AUC of L-CN combined with GBB in the subacute group was 0.855 (P < 0.001). Therefore, GBB and L-CN are closely related to the development and progression of DVT and can be used to screen and diagnose DVT at different phases. Moreover, GBB and L-CN expression levels are similar in humans and rats, providing precise indicators and animal models for the in-depth study of the DVT formation mechanism.

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Carnitine and Depression

Cited by 16 publications

References 104 publications

Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study

Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study

Acylcarnitines metabolism in depression: association with diagnostic status, depression severity and symptom profile in the NESDA cohort

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis by γ-butylbetaine and L-carnitin in plasma and urine revealed based on untargeted and targeted metabolomics

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