Carnitine-14C metabolism in choline-deficient, alloxan-diabetic choline-deficient and insulin-treated rats

Mehlman, Myron A.; Therriault, D. G.; Tobin, Richard B.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(71)90063-1

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the cirrhotics, serum concentration declined from the 6th-day value of 28/18 (total/free) to 20/10 ,uM on day 12; the reduction however was not significant (P > 0.05). Urine total carnitine remained in the range [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] ,umol/day during days [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Table II1. body weight 105-140% of ideal, and history negative for recent anorexia or weight loss) wlho died after an acute illness of a 1-3-day duration. In the cirrhotic patients' pectoral muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and brain, concentrations of both total and free carnitine wTere only 16-40% as great as in the nonhepatic, normiially nourished cases (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficiency of Carnitine in Cachectic Cirrhotic Patients

Rudman¹,

Sewell²,

Ansley³

1977

J. Clin. Invest.

173

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A 3 S T RA C T Carnitine is synthesized from lysine and metlhionine. In the rat, inade(quiate intake of either of these essential amino acids cauises carnitinie depletioIn 14 of' 36 hospitalized cirrhotics hald subnormal valtues for seruim carnitine. The creatinine/height index, midarm munscle circumference, and triceps skin-fold thickness indicated protein-calorie starvation in the 14 hypocarnitinemic liver patients. In six of the hypocarnitinemic cirrhotics (average seruim level 50% of normal), spontaneouis dietary intakes of' carnitine, lysine, and methionine were measuired and foulnd to be only 5-15% as great as in six normocarnitinemiic, healthy controls. When these six cirrhotic anuI six normnal stil)jects were given the same lysine-rich, methioninle-ricl, and carnitine-free nultritionaitl intake, the normaiitls mnain tained n oi-'matl serumiii camr iti ne levels and exeretedl 100 tLmol/day, wvhereas the cirrlhoties' sertum level fell to 25% of noimatl, and(l uirinary excretion dec ined to 15 Lmol/day. Seven lhypocarniitiniemic cirrhotics dlie(l. P'ostmlortemn concentratioons of' carnitine in liver, musele, heart, kidney, and brain averagedl only one-fouirtlh to onethir(d those in corresponding tisstues of eight normally noutrished nonhepatic patients who died after an actute illness of a 1-3-day duiration.These data show that carn-itine depletion is common in pattients hospitalized for advanced cirrhosis, and that it resuilts from three factors: stubstandard intake of dietary carnitine; substandard intake of lysine and methionine, the prectursors ftor endlogenouis carnitine synthesis; acnd loss of' cappacity to syntlhesize carnitine from lysine and methiioniine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the normal rat, body carnitine turns over approximately every 15 days (24) and over 90% is excreted unmetabolized in the urine (25). As a first approximation, we assume therefore that in normal man, urinary carnitine/day is equal to intake of dietary carnitine/day + carnitine synthesized endogenously/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficiency of Carnitine in Cachectic Cirrhotic Patients

Rudman¹,

Sewell²,

Ansley³

1977

J. Clin. Invest.

173

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“…An increased camitine utilization in endurance-trained subjects. It is known that in rats under stress situations such as diabetes, fasting, or cold exposure, fatty acid oxidation is increased (1, 2), muscle carnitine concentration is reduced (1), and carnitine turnover is increased (27,33). In addition, endurance exercise and training, special stress situations, are associated in rats with increased fatty acid oxidation (2), fatty acid turnover (27), and carnitine turnover (1, 33).…”

Section: Blood Glycerol and Plasma Free Fattymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesized (2,13,26,27) that the increased fatty acid oxidation and carnitine turnover associated with endurance training could produce a relative carnitine deficiency in rats and humans. In this case, the addition of L-camitine in the diet could increase the potential for fatty acid oxidation and turnover during submaximal exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, carnitine utilization cannot be readily determined. Stress situations that are characterized by high fatty acid oxidation rates increase carnitine turnover (27,33). Endurance exercise, a special stress situation, and its repetition (training) in rats is associated with increased fatty acid oxidation (2), fatty acid turnover (26), and carnitine turnover (1,33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease in Respiratory Quotient During Exercise Following L-Carnitine Supplementation

Gorostiaga¹,

Maurer²,

Eclache

1989

Int J Sports Med

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This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-carnitine addition to the diet during submaximal exercise in endurance-trained humans. Ten subjects (VO2max: 62 ml.kg-1.min-1) performed a control test (C) (45 min of cycling at 66% of VO2max) followed by 60 min of recovery in a sitting position. Each subject repeated this trial after 28 days of placebo (P) and L-carnitine (L-C) treatment (double-blinded cross-over design). The dose of each treatment was 2 g/day. There were no differences between the C and P tests. The respiratory quotient was lower (p less than 0.05) with treatment than with P or C during exercise. In addition, oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood glycerol, and resting plasma free fatty acid concentrations presented a nonsignificant trend toward higher values in L-C than in the C or P groups. These observations suggest an increased lipid utilization by muscle during exercise in the L-C-treated group. This effect has further possibilities for improving performance during submaximal exercise.

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Novel insights on interactions between folate and lipid metabolism

et al. 2013

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Folate is an essential B vitamin required for the maintenance of AdoMet-dependent methylation. The liver is responsible for many methylation reactions that are used for post-translational modification of proteins, methylation of DNA, and the synthesis of hormones, creatine, carnitine, and phosphatidylcholine. Conditions where methylation capacity is compromised, including folate deficiency, are associated with impaired phosphatidylcholine synthesis resulting in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. In addition, folate intake and folate status have been associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we provide insight on the relationship between folate and lipid metabolism, and an outlook for the future of lipid-related folate research. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(3):277–283, 2014

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Carnitine-14C metabolism in choline-deficient, alloxan-diabetic choline-deficient and insulin-treated rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Deficiency of Carnitine in Cachectic Cirrhotic Patients

Deficiency of Carnitine in Cachectic Cirrhotic Patients

Decrease in Respiratory Quotient During Exercise Following L-Carnitine Supplementation

Novel insights on interactions between folate and lipid metabolism

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