CARNA 5, the Small Cucumber Mosaic Virus—Dependent Replicating RNA, Regulates Disease Expression

Waterworth, H. E.; Kaper, J.M.; Tousignant, M. E.

doi:10.1126/science.204.4395.845

Cited by 88 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…CMV satRNAs have attracted particular attention because of their ability to modulate symptoms of CMV infection. Most CMV satRNAs attenuate symptom intensity on nearly all plant hosts (Waterworth et al, 1979). However, in exceptional cases, specific satRNAs may intensify symptom expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA from Negative-sense Transcripts Produced Either in Vitro or in Transgenic Plants

Tousch

Jacquemond²,

Tepfer³

1994

Journal of General Virology

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Both positive [(+)] and negative [(-)]sense versions of two satellite RNA (satRNA) genes from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), the necrogenic I17N and the nonnecrogenic R, have been introduced into the genome of tobacco plants. On infection with satRNA-free CMV, satRNA was amplified in plants expressing each of the four genes. All four genes confer protection against CMV infection. However, co-inoculation of plants with viral RNA and CMV satRNA transcripts synthesized in vitro showed that (-) sense transcripts were less active than the corresponding (+) sense transcripts. This is the first report that (-) sense CMV satRNA transcripts can serve as a template for satRNA replication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA from Negative-sense Transcripts Produced Either in Vitro or in Transgenic Plants

Tousch

Jacquemond²,

Tepfer³

1994

Journal of General Virology

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“…A host effect is seen with a necrogenic variant of the satellite of cucumber mosaic virus, which induces lethal necrosis in tomato but attenuates viral symptoms of the same helper virus in pepper (9). Alternatively, there are several examples where changes in helper virus dramatically alter the symptoms associated with a particular satellite (5,10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single amino acid change in the helicase domain of the putative RNA replicase of turnip crinkle virus alters symptom intensification by virulent satellites.

Collmer¹,

Stenzler²,

Chen³

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The virulent satellite [satellite C (sat C)] of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a small pathogenic RNA that intensifies symptoms in TCV-infected turnip plants (Brassica campesnis). The virulence of sat C is determined by properties of the satellite itself and is influenced by the helper virus. Symptoms produced in infections with sat C differ in severity depending on the helper virus. The TCV-JI helper virusproduces more severe symptoms than the TCV-B helper virus when inoculated with sat C. To rind determinants in the TCV helper virus genome that affect satellite virulence, the TCV-JI genome was doned and the sequence was compared to the TCV-B genome. The genomes were found to differ by only five base changes, and only one of the base changes, at nucleetide position 1025, produced an amino acid change, an aspartic acid glycine in the putative viral replicase. A chimeric TCV genome (TCV-B/JI) containing four of the five base changes (including the base change at position 1025) and a mutant

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“…Many plant viruses may also be associated with an additional RNA that has' little or no sequence homology with any of the viral genomic RNAs. These additional RNAs (6)(7)(8), while other satellite RNAs may have no effect on viral symptoms (8). In combination with a given strain of CMV, different satellite RNAs can attenuate viral symptoms (3,7,8), induce chlorosis (7)(8)(9), induce necrosis (10), or induce combinations of these effects (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-directed mutagenesis of a plant viral satellite RNA changes its phenotype from ameliorative to necrogenic.

Sleat

Palukaitis

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNAs, which induce necrosis on tomatoes, reveals a highly conserved region within their 3' halves. The sequence of WL1 satellite (WLl-sat) RNA, which attenuates CMV symptoms on tomatoes, differs from all necrogenic satellite RNAs at three nucleotide positions within this conserved region. These nucleotides were progressively mutated to determine what sequence is required for the induction ofnecrosis in tomatoes. Infectious transcripts from a cDNA clone of WLl-sat RNA, and its mutated derivatives, were assayed on tomato. Three of the four mutant satellite RNAs, in which two of the three nucleotides corresponded to those present in necrogenic satellite RNAs, and the rest of the molecule corresponded to WLl-sat RNA, attenuated CMV symptoms on tomatoes, and were phenotypically identical to the parental WLl-sat RNA.' One other mutant satellite RNA, in which all three mutated nucleotides corresponded to the sequence of necrogenic satellite RNAs and the rest of the molecule corresponded to WL1-sat RNA, induced a lethal necrosis on tomatoes. Necrosis was also observed when the same nmutant satellite RNA was associated with a second CMV strain as helper virus. These results indicate that a single nucleotide change at any of the three nucleotides examined distinguishes necrogenic from nonnecrogenic satellite RNAs. This necrosis was similar to that induced by a naturally necrogenic satellite RNA. The various mutations did not modify the effect of WL1-sat RNA on the symptoms induced by CMV on tobacco or squash. (3,7,8), induce chlorosis (7-9), induce necrosis (10), or induce combinations of these effects (11). In this report, we examine the molecular basis for the ability of CMV satellite RNAs to induce lethal necrosis on tomatoes.Earlier, Kurath and Palukaitis (11) conducted recombination experiments with an ameliorative satellite RNA, WL1-sat RNA (7,8), and a necrogenic satellite RNA, D-sat RNA (10), to delimit the sequences involved in the induction of necrosis in tomatoes. Infectious satellite RNAs were transcribed in vitro from full-length cDNA clones of WL1-sat RNA and D-sat RNA that were recombined at their common Nhe I site, located 4185 nucleotides from their respective 5' termini. These experiments indicated that the necrogenic domain is located within the 3'-terminal 150 nucleotides of D-sat RNA and presumably also in other necrogenic satellite RNAs (11). Results of others obtained by recombination of cDNA clones of the necrogenic Y-sat RNA and the ameliorative Ra-sat RNA reinforced this conclusion (12).Sequence comparisons also have provided information concerning the potential location of the necrogenic domain (13). In the 3'-terminal 150 nucleotides, within which the necrosis domain is located, necrogenic satellite RNA sequences are essentially conserved, apart from two regions of heterogeneity between nucleotides 231 and 234t and 337 and 340. Ameliorative satellite RNAs do not show such conservation within the 3' half (13...

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CARNA 5, the Small Cucumber Mosaic Virus—Dependent Replicating RNA, Regulates Disease Expression

Cited by 88 publications

References 10 publications

Replication of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA from Negative-sense Transcripts Produced Either in Vitro or in Transgenic Plants

Replication of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA from Negative-sense Transcripts Produced Either in Vitro or in Transgenic Plants

Single amino acid change in the helicase domain of the putative RNA replicase of turnip crinkle virus alters symptom intensification by virulent satellites.

Site-directed mutagenesis of a plant viral satellite RNA changes its phenotype from ameliorative to necrogenic.

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