Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in Nevada&lt;subtitle&gt;Critical Geologic Characteristics and Viable Models&lt;/subtitle&gt;

Cline, Jean S.; Hofstra, Albert H.; Muntean, John L.; Tosdal, Richard M.; Hickey, Kenneth A.

doi:10.5382/av100.15

Cited by 180 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…By comparing the geological characteristics of different types of gold deposits, it is clear that the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit is not a typical orogenic gold deposit because the ore‐forming fluid of a typical orogenic gold deposit is mainly metamorphic fluid (Groves et al, ; Kerrich et al, ), while there is no evidence for the existence of metamorphic fluids in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit. There is a large amount of free gold in the Zhuanshanzi gold deposit, and it is obviously different from a Carlin‐type gold deposit characterized by invisible gold (Cline et al, ). Numerous studies show that a magmatic hydrothermal metallogenic system generally develops in a plate‐collision orogenic environment, a tensile environment, or an intraplate rift environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fluid Inclusions and CHOSPb Isotopes: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit on the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

Sun

Wang

et al. 2018

Resource Geology

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The Zhuanshanzi gold deposit lies in the eastern section of the Xingmeng orogenic belt and the northern section of the Chifeng-Chaoyang gold belt. The gold veins are strictly controlled by a NW-oriented shear fault zone. Quartz veins and altered tectonic rock-type gold veins are the main vein types. The deposits can be divided into four mineralization stages, and the second and third metallogenic stages are the main metallogenic stages. In this paper, based on the detailed field geological surveys, an analysis of the orebody and ore characteristics, microtemperature measurement of fluid inclusions, the Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions, determination of C H O S Pb isotopic geochemical characteristics, and so on were carried out to explore the origin of the ore-forming fluids, ore-forming materials, and the genesis of the deposits. The results show that the fluid inclusions can be divided into four types: type Igas-liquid two-phase inclusions; type IIgas-rich inclusions; type III-liquid inclusions; and type IV -CO 2 -containing threephase inclusions. However, they are dominated by type Ibgas liquid inclusions and type IVthree-phase inclusions containing CO 2 . The gas compositions are mainly H 2 O and CO 2 , indicating that the metallogenic system is a CO 2 H 2 O NaCl system. The homogenization temperature of the ore-forming fluid evolved from a middle temperature to a low temperature, and the temperature of the fluid was further reduced due to meteoric water mixing during the late stage, as well as a lack of CO 2 components, and eventually evolved into a simple NaCl H 2 O hydrothermal system. C H O S Pb isotope research proved that the ore-forming fluids are mainly magmatic water during the early stage, with abundant meteoric water mixed in during the late stage. Ore-forming materials originated mostly from hypomagma and were possibly influenced by the surrounding rocks, suggesting that the ore-forming materials were mainly magmatic hydrothermal deposits, with a small amount of crustal component. The fluid immiscibility and the CO 2 and CH 4 gases in the fluids played an active and important role in the precipitation and enrichment of Au during different metallogenic stages. The deposit is considered a magmatic hydrothermal deposit of middlelow temperature.Keywords: C H O S Pb isotope, metallogenic period and stage, microthermometry and laser Raman, ore-forming fluid, Zhuanshanzi gold deposit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fluid Inclusions and CHOSPb Isotopes: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit on the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

Sun

Wang

et al. 2018

Resource Geology

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“…This imparts an inherent bias toward recognition of structures that have a significant E or W component to their strike, a fact that must be considered when using these data to eliminate, rather than support, the existence of structures. Additionally, estimation of the magnitude of Cretaceous to Eocene exhumation of upper crustal rocks across the eastern hinterland remains difficult for several reasons: (1) the thickness of Upper Paleozoic rocks is highly variable across the region, from ∼3.5 to ∼9 km in thickness; (2) the thickness of Mesozoic strata which may have blanketed part of the region is incompletely understood; Triassic sedimentary deposits are mostly preserved in the cores of synclines, and Lower Jurassic sedimentary deposits shown to have stratigraphic and provenance correlations to the Lower Jurassic strata of the Colorado Plateau are restricted to the single western occurrence near Currie, NV [e.g., Lucas and Orchard , 2007]; (3) Conodont CAI values represent the most regionally extensive data but due to the semiquantitative nature of this empirical geothermometer, and the sensitivity to temperature duration in addition to temperature magnitude [e.g., Rejebian et al , 1987], the utility of the measure is limited; (4) with few exceptions [i.e., Cline et al , 2005] regional low‐temperature thermochronometry studies of the Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks necessary to assess the magnitude of exhumation are lacking.…”

Section: Sub‐tertiary Unconformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply to comment by E. L. Miller et al. on “Geodynamics of synconvergent extension and tectonic mode switching: Constraints from the Sevier‐Laramide orogen”

Wells

Hoisch

2012

Tectonics

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“…Factor 3, with high loadings for As, Fe, V, and Au, contains elements that are common in pyrite (Large et al, 2009). Diagenetic pyrite may contain V (Large et al, 2009), whereas As and Au are characteristic of ore-stage pyrite at Meikle and other Carlin-type gold deposits (Hofstra and Cline, 2000;Cline et al, 2005). Although we selected what appeared to be fresh samples, HZD from the Meikle and Windfall Carlin-type gold deposits has the highest Factor 3 scores and exhibits a linear correlation between As and Fe+S that Diehl et al (2005) attributed to inclusions of arsenian pyrite.…”

Section: Mineral Hill Dissolution Etching Sulfide Minerals Vo Vo Vo Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Zebra Dolomite in the Great Basin, Nevada—Attributes and Relation to Paleozoic Stratigraphy, Tectonics, and Ore Deposits

et al. 2010

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In other parts of the world, previous workers have shown that sparry dolomite in carbonate rocks may be produced by the generation and movement of hot basinal brines in response to arid paleoclimates and tectonism, and that some of these brines served as the transport medium for metals fi xed in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) deposits of Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, or barite.Numerous occurrences of hydrothermal zebra dolomite (HZD), comprised of alternating layers of dark replacement and light void-fi lling sparry or saddle dolomite, are present in Paleozoic platform and slope carbonate rocks on the eastern side of the Great Basin physiographic province. Locally, it is associated with mineral deposits of barite, Ag-Pb-Zn, and Au. In this paper the spatial distribution of HZD occurrences, their stratigraphic position, morphological characteristics, textures and zoning, and chemical and stable isotopic compositions were determined to improve understanding of their age, origin, and relation to dolostone, ore deposits, and the tectonic evolution of the Great Basin.In northern and central Nevada, HZD is coeval and cogenetic with Late Devonian and Early Mississippian Sedex Au, Zn, and barite deposits and may be related to Late Ordovician Sedex barite deposits. In southern Nevada and southwest California, it is cogenetic with small MVT Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in rocks as young as Early Mississippian. Over Paleozoic time, the Great Basin was at equatorial paleolatitudes with episodes of arid paleoclimates. Several occurrences of HZD are crosscut by Mesozoic or Cenozoic intrusions, and some host younger pluton-related polymetallic replacement and Carlin-type gold deposits. Sedex deposits suggest that such a hydrology was best developed in the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Early Mississippian, possibly in response to episodes of extension and forebulge faults associated with the Antler orogeny. The improved understanding of HZD may aid future exploration for ore deposits in the Great Basin.

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Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in Nevada<subtitle>Critical Geologic Characteristics and Viable Models</subtitle>

Cited by 180 publications

References 75 publications

Fluid Inclusions and CHOSPb Isotopes: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit on the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

Fluid Inclusions and CHOSPb Isotopes: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit on the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

Reply to comment by E. L. Miller et al. on “Geodynamics of synconvergent extension and tectonic mode switching: Constraints from the Sevier‐Laramide orogen”

Hydrothermal Zebra Dolomite in the Great Basin, Nevada—Attributes and Relation to Paleozoic Stratigraphy, Tectonics, and Ore Deposits

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