Carlin-style gold deposits, Youjiang Basin, China: tectono-thermal and structural analogues of the Carlin-type gold deposits, Nevada, USA

Wang, Qingfei; Groves, David

doi:10.1007/s00126-018-0837-x

Cited by 48 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, the two episodes of gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin were deposited in the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, respectively (Chen et al, 2015; Jin, 2017; Wang and Groves, 2018; Wang et al, 2020, b), when there was a change from a compressional to an extensional tectonic setting accompanied by the deposition of Carlin‐type or Carlin‐like gold deposits in Nevada (USA) and the western Qinling Orogen in China (Mao et al, 2002; Chen et al, 2004; Ryskamp et al, 2008; Liu, Dai, et al, 2015). The mineralizing fluid was primarily metamorphic which was derived from the deformation, the shortening, and thickening of the crust during the compressional tectonics, or originally mantle fluid which was derived from the mantle and underwent the crustal contamination by the Yangtze upper continental crust which was triggered by the large‐scale lithosphere extension (thinning) following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic plate (Hofstra et al, 2005; Peng et al, 2014; Tan et al, 2015; Su et al, 2018; Wang, Zhao, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Bagas

Han

et al. 2022

Resource Geology

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The Youjiang Basin in SW China is the second‐largest Carlin‐like goldfield in the world after Nevada, USA. However, the age and the hydrothermal origin of the gold mineralization are still in controversy, which leads to ambiguities in understanding the geodynamic setting and genetic mechanism of the gold deposition. Nibao is a large, stratabound, and fault‐controlled Carlin‐type gold deposit in the north of the Youjiang Basin. Three ore stages have been recognized in the evolution of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluid, with the stages being characterized by assemblages of the early quartz–porous pyrite, the main quartz–calcite‐apatite–sericite–pyrite–arsenopyrite‐gold, and the late quartz–calcite–fluorite–realgar–orpiment–stibnite. Calcite veins from the main and late ore stage at Nibao are enriched in middle rare earth elements, which is a distinctive characteristic of hydrothermal calcite veins associated with low‐temperature hydrothermal Au‐Sb deposits in the Youjiang Basin, and yield a Sm‐Nd isochron age of 138 ± 1 Ma. The vast majority of the ore stage calcite samples have narrow 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values ranging from 0.708119 to 0.708423 and − 1.1–−3.3, respectively, indicating that the gold‐bearing hydrothermal fluid could be derived from the mixing of mantle and crustal materials. Therefore, we proposed that the gold mineralization during the Early Cretaceous in the Youjiang Basin was triggered by the large‐scale lithosphere extension following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust, and the hydrothermal fluid could be originated from the mantle and underwent the contamination of Yangtze upper continental crust.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Bagas

Han

et al. 2022

Resource Geology

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“…Carlin-type gold deposits are sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits [1,2], and they were first recognized as a new type of deposit in 1961, after the development of the Carlin Mine in Nevada, USA [2,3]. Ever since the discovery of gold deposits in Banqi (Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou) in the 1980s, the metallogenesis and classification of the gold deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui region are still mired in controversy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Most researchers accept that the gold deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui region are Carlin-type gold deposits in consideration of the geologic setting of the Dian-Qian-Gui is similar to that of Nevada in that it includes rifting of craton, deposition of a passive sequence, and subsequent contractional deformations [4,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Calcite Trace Elements Contents and C-O Isotopic Compositions for Ore-Forming Fluids and Gold Prospecting in the Zhesang Carlin-Like Gold Deposit of Southeastern Yunnan, China

Wang

Chang

Li³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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The Zhesang gold deposit of southeastern Yunnan is an important component of the Dian-Qian-Gui (Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi) “Golden Triangle”, which hosts a multitude of Carlin-like gold deposits (CLGDs). Calcite is one of the most common gangue minerals in Zhesang. The calcites that have been found in the mining area are classified as ore-stage and post-ore calcites. The ore-stage calcite exhibits a clear paragenetic relationship with gold-bearing arsenopyrite and with an alteration halo that has been cut by the post-ore calcite. To elucidate the origin of the ore-forming fluids of the Zhesang gold deposit and to investigate the possibility of utilizing calcite geochemistry as prospecting indicators, the rare earth elements (REEs), Y, Fe, Mn and Mg contents, and C-O isotopic compositions of calcites from Zhesang have been analyzed. The ore-stage calcite is enriched in middle rare earth elements (MREEs) relative to light rare earth elements (LREEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) (MREE/LREE = 1.11–1.61, MREE/HREE = 6.12–8.22), whereas post-ore calcite exhibits an enrichment in LREE (LREE/HREE = 4.39–14.93, MREE/LREE = 0.35–0.71). The ore-stage and post-ore calcites were both formed by hydrothermal fluids; however, these hydrothermal fluids may have different sources. The Fe contents of the ore-stage calcite are significantly higher than those of post-ore calcite (4690–6300 μg/g versus 2030–2730 μg/g). Ore-stage calcite also has significantly lower δ18OV-SMOW values than post-ore calcite (11.03–12.49‰ versus 16.48–17.14‰). These calcites with an MREE/LREE ratio greater than 0.92, MREE/HREE ratio greater than 5.69, Fe content greater than 3827 μg/g, and δ18OV-SMOW value less than 14.40‰ represent ore-stage calcites and are important prospecting guidelines. According to the REE, C-O isotopic characteristics of the calcites and the previous findings, it is inferred that the ore-forming fluids of the Zhesang gold deposit were a mixture of crustal fluid by meteoric water leaching wall rocks and a small amount of basic magmatic fluid. The formation of post-ore calcite might be derived from meteoric water and marine carbonates interaction. The ore-forming fluids of the Zhesang gold deposit may be associated with the intrusion of diabase that outcrops in the mining area, and that the basic magmatic activities of the Indosinian period also provided some of the ore-forming materials and heat for gold mineralization.

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“…Previous studies have focused on the Late Paleozoic-Triassic mafic rocks [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], while the Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks, especially the Jurassic mafic rocks, were rarely reported. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the Late Mesozoic tectonics of the Youjiang Basin, leading to the tectonic setting of the area being unclear [8]. In addition, the Youjiang Basin is known as the "Dian-Qian-Gui Golden Triangle" region, where the Carlin-like gold deposits are widely developed (Figure 1b) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, little attention has been paid to the Late Mesozoic tectonics of the Youjiang Basin, leading to the tectonic setting of the area being unclear [8]. In addition, the Youjiang Basin is known as the "Dian-Qian-Gui Golden Triangle" region, where the Carlin-like gold deposits are widely developed (Figure 1b) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The field crosscutting relationships suggest that the Carlin-like gold mineralization took place between Early Jurassic and Late Cretaceous [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it has been interpreted that the gold mineralization was associated with deep magmatism, either the ore-forming fluid originated from a magmatic source [12,13,16], or the magma heated meteoric water and drove hydrothermal fluid to extract ore-forming elements from sedimentary rocks [9]. However, outcropping igneous rocks that are coeval with the gold mineralization in the Youjiang Basin has rarely been found, and the thermal event for the gold mineralization remains poorly understood [8]. Therefore, the identification and study of a Late Mesozoic mafic rock in the Youjiang Basin should provide significant clues to analyze the Late Mesozoic tectonics and the thermal driver of the Carlin-like gold mineralization in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Jurassic Mafic Intrusions in the Southern Youjiang Basin, SW China: Petrogenesis, Tectonic and Metallogenic Implications

et al. 2019

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A suite of mafic intrusions, composed of diabase and micro-gabbro outcrops in the Jingxi area of southern Youjiang Basin, SW China. This study conducts geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses on the mafic intrusions in Jingxi with the aim of determining their petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and metallogenic implications. Zircon U–Pb dating for the mafic intrusions yielded an age of 183 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 2.3), which is coeval with the Carlin-like gold mineralization in the Youjiang Basin. The mafic intrusions are alkaline in composition and characterized by low TiO2 (1.25–1.87 wt %) contents and low Ti/Y ratios (410–550). They exhibit OIB-like patterns of trace element distribution and they have low (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.704341 to 0.705677, slightly negative εNd(t) values of −0.30 to −2.16, low La/Ta (11.57–15.66) and La/Nb (0.77–1.06) ratios, with [La/Yb]N = 6.52–10.63. The geochemical characteristics, combined with regional considerations, suggest that the mafic intrusions originated from partial melting of upwelling asthenosphere within the garnet-spinel transition zone, as a result of intracontinental back-arc extension triggered by the steep subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the South China Block. Moreover, the new data not only suggest Early Jurassic magma was a possible heat source, but also support a magmatism-related model for the Carlin-like gold mineralization in the Youjiang Basin.

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Carlin-style gold deposits, Youjiang Basin, China: tectono-thermal and structural analogues of the Carlin-type gold deposits, Nevada, USA

Cited by 48 publications

References 62 publications

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China

Significance of Calcite Trace Elements Contents and C-O Isotopic Compositions for Ore-Forming Fluids and Gold Prospecting in the Zhesang Carlin-Like Gold Deposit of Southeastern Yunnan, China

Early Jurassic Mafic Intrusions in the Southern Youjiang Basin, SW China: Petrogenesis, Tectonic and Metallogenic Implications

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