Caring in the recruitment of older African American adults with chronic health disease: An integrative review

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this integrative review is to accrue a comprehensive understanding of caring behavioral characteristics in the recruitment of older African-American adults into health-related research studies centered on chronic diseases. Methods Combined methodologies, Whittemore & Knafl and Kable, Pich & Maslin-Prothero in accordance with preferred items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, were used to guide the data collection and to report the findings. The data were analyzed based upon recruitment categorization and Kristen Swanson’s middle-range theory of caring. Results Ten out of 260 publications comprised the final sample. They were analyzed and then aggregated by chronic illnesses, recruitment activities, contact level, and Swanson’s five caring behavioral concepts. Select cancers, diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimer’s disease were the chronic illness foci of eight publications. Cardiovascular disease and stroke were the focus of two publications. Only three studies utilized all five Swanson’s caring concepts, and the frequently used concept throughout all 10 studies was enabling. Discussion Recruitment approaches employed to accrue older African-American adults into chronic illness-related research studies necessitate proactive recruitment strategies that incorporate caring behaviors. Future researchers ought to develop multi-modality recruitment strategies to improve older African-American adults’ representation.

The role of perceived expertise and trustworthiness in research study and clinical trial recruitment: Perspectives of clinical research coordinators and African American and Black Caribbean patients

“…For example, studies frequently cite the importance of homophily between patients and the professionals who recruit them for research participation [5,23,24], but these are generally not the same studies that examine the role of perceived expertise of clinical research coordinators [25,26] or the general preferences of patients for physicians (the ultimate "experts") to present clinical trial opportunities [27][28][29][30]. Similarly, the literature on clinical trial communication clearly emphasizes the importance of "establishing a relationship" with prospective research participants [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] but researchers have not linked this recommendation to source credibility. However, establishing a trusting relationship would be difficult to accomplish without the sense that the CRC has the patient's best interest in mind and is not driven by a profit motive.…”

Perceptions of Caring Recruitment Among Older Adults

“…Although recruitment of AA older adults in HRRSs has received some scholarly attention (Adams et al, 2017; Lichtenberg, 2011), empirical and experiential knowledge that includes AA older adults' perceptions of the recruitment process is absent from the literature (Gamboa & Julion, 2021a). Study recruiters must be cognizant of individuals' perceptions of the entire research process.…”

Clinical Benefits and Harms of Diuretics for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Black People With Essential Hypertension: A Protocol for a Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials With Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

“…This review is relevant for several reasons. First, hypertension-related mortality and morbidity disproportionately affects the Black population [16,17,[26][27][28], who are at a higher risk of polypharmacy due to the higher prevalence of comorbidities associated with or caused by HTN [29]. Second, a critical appraisal of the current evidence on the clinical bene ts and harms for Black people with EH is required.…”