Carinata Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization

Seepaul, Ramdeo; Marois, J. J.; Small, Ian M.; George, Sheeja; Wright, David L.

doi:10.2134/agronj2018.10.0678

Cited by 27 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, pod length and seeds per pod did not respond to N application averaging 4.3 cm and 11.8, respectively. Nitrogen is an integral structural component of amino acids and chlorophyll and a constituent of all enzymes; therefore suboptimal availability induces a cascade of biochemical, physiological, and morphological changes in carinata growth, resource allocation, and productivity regardless of growth stage (Seepaul et al, 2016;Seepaul et al, 2019a and2019b). In the current study, carinata mainstem height and branching patterns were regulated by N supply supporting previous findings by Alberti et al (2019) and Pan et al (2012).…”

Section: Plant Stand and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

et al. 2020

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Production of carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) as a winter crop in the Southeast United States presents a unique opportunity for growers to produce significant amounts of biofuel feedstock to meet domestic energy needs. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of N application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha −1) and split management (single, two-way split, or three-way split of 90 kg N ha −1 applied at planting, bolting, and flowering) on carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition. In Study 1, plant height, mainstem node numbers, primary and secondary branches, pod length, pods numbers, and seeds per pod increased quadratically with N application rate. Averaged over the 5 yr, seed yield response to N application rate was quadratic and ranged from 1,245 kg ha −1 with 0 kg N ha −1 to 2,444 kg ha −1 with 117 kg N ha −1. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) occurred at 103 kg N ha-1 , which produced 2,427 kg seed ha −1 representing a US$386 ha −1 profit margin. Except for protein, N application rate did not have an effect on glucosinolates and fatty acid composition. In Study 2, a split application of N had variable effects on carinata growth; however, seed yield did not vary with split management or timing of N averaging 3,905 kg ha −1. Split management and N source did not have an effect on seed chemical composition. These results suggest that carinata grown at the EONR of 103 kg N ha −1 can maximize seed and oil production in the Southeast.

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Section: Plant Stand and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

et al. 2020

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“…At the harvest, much of the biomass remains in the field after seeds are harvested. The harvest index (HVSTI) was calculated as the ratio of seed to the total aboveground biomass at seed maturation and set to 0.35 in the SWAT plant database (Seepaul et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recommended fertilizer application rate of about 90 kg N ha −1 in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 , 34‐0‐0) was applied in three applications with 25% at planting, 50% at bolting, and 25% at flowering (Seepaul et al, 2019). A 56 kg P ha −1 fertilizer in the form of triple superphosphate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ), 0‐44‐0) was applied at the time of planting (Table 1; Agrisoma, 2017–18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the southeast US, carinata has been commercially grown as an off‐season winter crop to produce aviation fuels on fallow lands, which increased revenue for farmers (Seepaul et al, 2019). Additionally, carinata may provide off‐season crop benefits to the rotation, such as improved soil structure, reducing soil erosion, runoff, and nutrient leaching, and improved weed and disease control (Shah et al, 2017; Sharpley et al, 1991; Yasumoto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on carinata nutrient uptake responses to nitrogen (N) fertilizer with four N rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha −1 ) was conducted at the field trials (1.5 × 20 m) in the southeast US at Quincy, FL, on loamy fine sand soils. The authors found that total N uptake exceeded applied N by 11 to 160%, suggesting carinata is highly efficient at utilizing residual soil N (Seepaul et al, 2019). However, there is a scientific gap in the effects of carinata on surface runoff reduction, nutrient, and sediment loads at a larger scale, particularly in the Southeast United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing hydrologic and water quality effects of land use conversion to Brassica carinata as a winter biofuel crop in the southeastern coastal plain of Georgia, USA using the SWAT model

2021

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Carinata (Brassica carinata) is an industrial oilseed feedstock for renewable fuels grown as a winter crop in the southeast US, which may provide a new rotation alternative and benefits for water quality. However, the effects of carinata on water quantity and quality at the watershed and local scales are unknown. In this study, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the potential influence of carinata on water balance components, nutrients and sediment loads under plausible future scenarios of land use change in the upper Suwannee River Basin in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Region near Tifton in South‐Central Georgia. Three future scenarios are considered, including planting stand‐alone carinata in winter fallow land every third year, planting stand‐alone winter wheat in winter fallow land every third year, and carinata and winter wheat in rotation, one year of winter carinata followed by two years of winter wheat during simulation periods. The results show that under all three future scenarios, surface runoff, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen loadings decrease at both watershed and local scales, with higher average monthly reductions in the stand‐alone carinata scenario versus the stand‐alone winter wheat scenario. When carinata and winter wheat were planted over 36% of the total watershed area, reduction in total sediment, mineral phosphorus, and nitrate loads was ranging from 11.5% to 50.0%. However, when only 12% of the total watershed area was converted to carinata, the simulated reductions ranged from 3.8% to 14.0%. This suggests that the extent of carinata planting is crucial in assessing its hydrologic and water quality benefits. Overall, these results indicate that planting the biofuel carinata as a winter crop can reduce sediment and nutrient loading and provide water quality benefits to downstream waterbodies.

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Use of sludge from pulp mills in extensive crops: An assessment at a semi‐commercial scale in central South America

Mazzilli¹,

Barrios²,

Ernst³

2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Land under agriculture has increased during the last 20 yr in the South American Pampas. Agricultural systems use mostly finite imported sources of P, so the use of local recycled P sources is an alternative. In Uruguay, two current events are relevant to this matter: the increase in the crop area of Brassica carinata (biofuels production) and the presence of large pulp mills. The working hypothesis was that pulp mill sludge applied prior to sowing carinata crops will substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers, and that the combination of sludge and inorganic fertilizers will increase grain yield. Two on-farm experiments were conducted, in which carinata was sown during the 2019 winter season and followed after harvest by soybean sown at one site and maize at another. At each site, six treatment strips (30 m wide × 400 m long) were established in a control-plot design. The treatments corresponded to two sludge types (biosludge and mixed sludge), combined with a traditional N, P, K, S chemical fertilizer (29 kg P ha -1 ), compared with a control treatment (not fertilized). Carinata yields results do not support the proposed hypothesis, because the yields of the sludge treatments were lower than the chemical fertilization treatments. The limiting factor for the crops was associated with N supply, as the nitrogen nutrition index showed low values. Sludge application did not result in changes in summer crop yields and soil chemical properties. Future studies should focus on the sustained use of combined fertilizer sources over time.

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Carinata Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

Carinata growth, yield, and chemical composition responses to nitrogen fertilizer management

Assessing hydrologic and water quality effects of land use conversion to Brassica carinata as a winter biofuel crop in the southeastern coastal plain of Georgia, USA using the SWAT model

Use of sludge from pulp mills in extensive crops: An assessment at a semi‐commercial scale in central South America

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