Caries

Temple, Daniel H.

doi:10.1002/9781118845486.ch26

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Dental caries is a disease process, which progresses from slight enamel opacities to extensive cavities involving the partial or complete destruction of the crown and roots of teeth (Hillson, 2008), as the dental hard tissues are demineralized by organic acids produced by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates in the diet (Larsen, 2015; Temple, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This does not account for having more than one lesion per tooth or for teeth lost by periodontal disease or post‐mortem (Hillson, 1996, pp. 279–280; Temple, 2015, p. 443). Scoring by tooth with highly fragmented material (often with poor retrieval of elements) can result in over‐representing better preserved individuals while other individuals may be represented by a single tooth.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper sets out to explore why the prevalence of dental disease in the residents of Knossos changed between the Hellenistic (323–67 BCE), Roman (67 BCE–CE 400), and Late Antique (CE 400–700) periods. Although a series of endogenous, pathogenic, and environmental processes influence the manifestation of dental diseases, diet is a key influencer in its ability to affect the bacterial environment and saliva content in the mouth (Hillson, 1996; Larsen et al, 1991; Temple, 2015). As such, the study of dental diseases, and dental caries in particular, can be extremely informative for aspects of ancient diets, as well as changes and differences in those diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental disease reflects differential diets and changes in consumption over time at Knossos

Moles

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Knossos was an important city on Crete and within Mediterranean networks during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Late Antique periods. However, there were significant social, cultural, and economic shifts that appear to have caused changes to daily lifeways, including diet. This paper sets out to explore dietary changes across these time periods by looking at dental caries, with reference also to antemortem tooth loss, calculus, and stable isotope data. This study also looks to contextualize these results using archaeological and textual information relating to diet. It presents a thorough methodological approach to the investigation and interpretation of caries and discusses some of the shortcomings of using a fragmentary and commingled skeletal assemblage. The Roman diet was more cariogenic than in the Hellenistic or Late Antique periods. The caries-zone analysis of the teeth suggests that there may have been a greater addition of sugars to the diet in the Roman period, though the increased caries could also be due to improved preparation techniques and technologies producing a more refined and sticky carbohydrate diet. Such changes could be due to either increased connectivity making certain foods more readily available, the cultural changes in food consumption or dental hygiene due to the influx of merchants, colonists, migrants, and other newcomers to the Colonia Iulia Nobilis Cnosus that was Roman Knossos, or increased prosperity at the site in this period. There was a significant difference detected between females and males for caries indicating differential dietary practices between the sexes, which was most notable for the Roman period.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental disease reflects differential diets and changes in consumption over time at Knossos

Moles

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Relative old age of the individual was likely a contributing factor to the carious lesion, since DNH 40 is a well-worn third molar and both gingivitis-related recession and continuous eruption are associated with aging (Hayes et al, 2017;Hillson, 2008). Some studies in humans suggest that root caries occur more often in females because of earlier alveolar resorption (Temple, 2016;Watson et al, 2010); however, such a link cannot be made for DNH 40 as the individual's sex is unknown.…”

Section: [Figure 1 Here]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root caries on aParanthropus robustusthird molar from Drimolen

Towle

Riga

Irish

et al. 2019

Preprint

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ObjectivesDental caries is often perceived as a modern human disease. However, their presence is documented in many early human groups, various non-human primates and, increasingly, our hominin ancestors and relatives. In this study we describe an antemortem lesion on the root of a Paranthropus robustus third molar from Drimolen, South Africa, which likely represents another example of caries in fossil hominins. Materials and MethodsThe molar, DNH 40, is dated to 2.0-1.5 Ma and displays a lesion on the mesial root surface, extending from the cementoenamel junction 3 mm down toward the apex. The position and severity of the lesion was macroscopically recorded and micro-CT scanned to determine the extent of dentine involvement. Results A differential diagnosis indicates root caries, as the lesion is indistinguishable from clinical examples.Although necrotic in appearance, external tertiary dentine is evident on a micro CT scan. Gingival recession and/or continuous eruption of the tooth as a result of extensive occlusal wear would have occurred to facilitate caries formation. Therefore, the lesion is likely linked to relative old age of this individual. DiscussionThis new example increases the total number of carious lesions described in P. robustus teeth to 12, on occlusal, interproximal and, now, root surfaces. Beyond the consumption of caries-causing food(s), caries formation would have also required the presence of requisite intra-oral cariogenic bacteria in this individual and the species. Of interest, the presence of tertiary dentine on the outward surface suggests the DNH 40 lesion may have been arrested, i.e., no longer active, perhaps relating to a change in diet or oral microbiome just prior to the individual's death.

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“…), forensic studies (Edgar and Rautman ; Schmidt ; Stojanowski et al. ), and health and disease (Guatelli‐Steinberg ; Temple ). This volume provides the field with a solid foundation in current method and theory as well as new directions currently being explored, such as chemical and isotopic analyses (Humphrey ).…”

Section: For Your Reading Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Anthropology in 2015: Open Access, Biocultural Interactions, and Social Change

Willermet

2016

American Anthropologist

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The year 2015 was an active research year in biological anthropology in many areas, including fossil hominins, ancient DNA, health and disease, and primate research. Particularly noteworthy this year was a sea change in paleoanthropological research when the newest fossil discovery, Homo naledi, was shared both through open-access journal articles and through 3D printable fossil casts. Despite many bright research areas, we continue to struggle with issues of sexual harassment and diversity, as do many sciences, and I discuss positive, substantive actions in these areas. With race, genetics, health, and primates in the news, public interest in biological anthropology is booming. I highlight social media that pull people into well-researched content areas and new books that reflect the breadth of the field. [biological anthropology, physical anthropology, fossil hominins, epigenetics, health disparities, open access, year in review]RESUMEN El año 2015 fue un año activo en investigación en antropología biológica en muchasáreas, incluyendo homínidos fósiles, ADN antiguo, salud y enfermedad, e investigación de primates. Particularmente notable este año fue el cambio radical en la investigación paleo-antropológica cuando el más nuevo descubrimiento fósil, Homo naledi, fue compartido tanto por artículos de acceso abierto como por moldes fósiles imprimibles en 3D. A pesar de muchasáreas brillantes de investigación, continuamos luchando con cuestiones de acoso sexual y diversidad, como muchas ciencias lo hacen, y discuto acciones positivas, sustanciales en estasáreas. Con raza, genética, salud, Supporting InformationAdditional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's website:Cathy Willermet- Figure 1 permission.

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Caries

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Dental disease reflects differential diets and changes in consumption over time at Knossos

Dental disease reflects differential diets and changes in consumption over time at Knossos

Root caries on aParanthropus robustusthird molar from Drimolen

Biological Anthropology in 2015: Open Access, Biocultural Interactions, and Social Change

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