Caries activity test in Mongolian and Japanese children

Early childhood caries results in a considerable burden of pain and suffering as well as poorer general health. Streptococcus mutans (serotypes c, e and f) and Streptococcus sobrinus (serotype d and g) are the species closely associated with dental caries. The exact age at which their colonization occurs in children is controversial. The objective of this study was to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus in plaque samples of Mongolian mother-child pairs by PCR and to compare their presence with the caries status. Dental examination and caries risk assessment using the Cariostat ® carried out on 320 children aged 6-30 months and their mothers. The presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was checked by PCR. The caries prevalence and DEFT scores of mothers enrolled in the present study were 98% and 11.5±0.7, respectively. In children, the prevalence and deft scores of the 6-18-month-olds were 29% and 1.3±0.2 while those of the 19-30-month-olds were 59% and 3.4±0.4 correspondingly. Twenty nine percent of the 6-18-months old children of high-risk mothers and 53.1% of the 19-30-months old children of high-risk mothers had high caries risk (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between caries risk of 19-30 month-old children and their mothers (P<0.001). In mothers, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 79% and 33%, respectively; 54% harbored S. mutans alone, 8% harbored S. sobrinus alone, 25% harbored both strains. In children, 45% were positive for S. mutans alone, 9% were positive for S. sobrinus alone, 18% were positive for both strains. Either or both strains were detected in 67.3% of 6-18-months old children and 76.5% of 19-30-months old children. In conclusion, our results showed that S. mutans and/or S. sobrinus first colonized infants' teeth from 6-18 months, and the colonization increased with increasing age, so that by 30 months of age, 76.5% of children harbored the bacteria. streptococci possess a number of phenotypic traits such as the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, acid production, aciduricity, intracellular polysaccharides synthesis and endodextranase production, which are fundamental to their cariogenicity. Among them, Streptococcus mutans (serotypes c, e and f) and Streptococcus sobrinus (serotype d and g) are the species closely associated with human dental caries 2-8). Serotyping, bacteriocin typing, and genetic

Section: Plaque Sampling and Caries Risk Assessment Using Cariostat Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in plaque samples from Mongolian mother-child pairs

Soyolmaa

Munguntsetseg

Sharkhuu

et al. 2011

“…The subjects with Cariostat scores of 0, 0.5 and 1 (pH 7.2-5.4) were placed in the low-risk group and 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 (pH 5.0-3.8) in the high-risk group. This was done to establish caries risk grouping of the children 14,20,21) .…”

Section: Plaque Sampling and Caries Risk Assessment Using Cariostat Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caries prevalence has dramatically increased among Mongolian population, especially young children, related to the lifestyle change and increased consumption of sucrose 20,21) . However, the relationship of S. mutans and S. sobrinus with caries prevalence of Mongolian children has not been studied yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mutans streptococci in plaque samples from Mongolian preschool and school children

Hulan¹,

Jav

Baatarjav

et al. 2010

Mutans streptococci, in particular Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, are generally considered to be the principal microbial pathogen of dental caries. The objective of the study was to isolate S. mutans and S. sobrinus, identify them by PCR, and to compare their presence with the caries status and caries risk in Mongolian preschool and school children. Forty one preschool children aged 3-5 years and 40 school children aged 12-15 years were enrolled in this study. As assessed using Cariostat test, 75.6% of preschool children had high caries risk and 37.5% of school children had high caries risk. In preschool children, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were 100% and 36.6%, respectively; 63.4% were positive for S. mutans alone and 36.6% were positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In school children, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were 100% and 25.0%, respectively; 75.0% carried S. mutans alone and 25.0% had both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The percentage of children positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus in the high caries risk group were significantly higher than those in the low risk group of either preschool (42.0% vs. 10.0%, P,0.001) or school children (46.6% vs. 12.0%, P,0.001). Moreover, the caries status of children positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus were significantly higher than those positive for S. mutans alone (P,0.01 for preschool children, and P,0.05 for school children). traits such as the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose, lactic acid production by metabolism of dietary carbohydrates and aciduricity, which are fundamental to their virulence 2-8). Various caries activity tests, cultivation, enzyme assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and species-specific DNA probes have been used for caries prediction and detection of putative pathogens 9-13). One of these caries activity tests, the Cariostat ® test, developed by Shimono, is colorimetric test based on the evaluation of acidogenicity of plaque microorganisms 13) , and has been proven to be a good predictor of dental caries, especially in young children 13-16) .

“…Caries status of deciduous teeth in Mongolian children is still serious, as manpower and material resources for the prevention and treatment of dental caries are limited 1,2) . Some groups demonstrate active caries, and most of them are at a high risk for developing caries in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caries activity test (CAT21 Test), Cariostat method, Dental caries, Salivary buffer test (CAT21 Buf Test) these methods were effective for predicting the development of caries. One of these caries activity tests (CAT21 Test) and one of the salivary buffer capacity tests (CAT21 Buf Test) were developed in Japan 1,[13][14][15][16]20,22,30) . The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries status and caries increment and to compare the data with the caries activity test (CAT21 Test) and salivary buffer test (CAT21 Buf Test) of the same group of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between caries activity, salivary buffer tests and caries increment in Mongolian children

Oyuntsetseg

Okazaki

Shimono

2005

Self Cite

The aim of the study was to evaluate caries increment in combination with a caries activity test (CAT21 Test) and a salivary buffer test (CAT21 Buf Test)-to predict future caries activity in Mongolian preschool children living in Ulaanbaatar City. The effectiveness of combining both tests and deft (decayed, extracted, filled teeth) means was also investigated. The caries prevalence in subjects was 94%, and deft mean value was 6.8. The caries increment after one year was 2.3 teeth. From the distribution of CAT21 Test scores a low risk was found in 38.6% and high risk in 61.4% of the examined children. From the CAT21 Buf Test scores, the high risk (lower buffer capacity) was found in 79.8% of the examined children. When the combination CAT21 Test and CAT21 Buf Test scores were divided into four groups (low-low/lowhigh/high-low/high-high), the mean def-teeth showed a significant difference among the four groups (ANOVA PϽ0.001). One year after the caries increment was evaluated in combination with the CAT21 Test scores and CAT21 Buf Test scores, the low-low risk group showed the lowest mean def-teeth. On the other hand, the high-high risk group showed the highest mean def-tooth (ANOVA PϽ0.05). Based on these results, the CAT21 Test and CAT21 Buf Test are useful for clinical application of preschool children in predicting future caries activity. Furthermore, when the CAT21 Test and the CAT21 Buf Test were combined, a higher correlation was shown with the caries status. only using deft scores. Among groups of children, past caries experience is known to be related to subsequent caries increment 3) . In the study of Klock and Krasse 4) the number of incipient caries lesions on smooth surfaces showed the best correlation with caries increment among several factors including salivary parameters in children. The development of reliable and valid caries activity tests has also been needed. It is well known that dental caries is a disease with multifactorial etiology. Microbiological and salivary methods have been developed for predictive testing for future caries activity [5][6][7][8][9] . Many studies with these bacteriological and salivary tests, which count the number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva or plaque, have reported significant relationships between these results and the occurrence of caries 4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . It was shown that