Caricaturing can improve facial expression recognition in low-resolution images and age-related macular degeneration

Lane, Jo; Robbins, Rachel; Rohan, Emilie; Crookes, Kate; Essex, Rohan W.; Maddess, Ted; Sabeti, Faran; Mazlin, Jamie Lee; Irons, Jessica; Gradden, Tamara; Dawel, Amy; Barnes, Nick; He, Xuming; Smithson, Michael; McKone, Elinor

doi:10.1167/19.6.18

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The studies routinely found significant negative effects under simulation (e.g., slower speed, reduced accuracy) on the respective measured outcomes (see Table 1; Copolillo et al, 2017;Gupta et al, 2018;Lane et al, 2019). For instance, reading focused simulation studies found an expected decrease in reading performance (Wensveen et al, 1995;Gupta et al, 2018;Krishnan et al, 2019), whilst facial recognition studies showed the typical decline in face and emotional perception as simulation of AMD worsens (Irons et al, 2014;McKone et al, 2018;Lane et al, 2019;de Boer et al, 2021). These findings are not surprising as they correspond with similar research findings in AMD populations (Taylor et al, 2018b;Varadaraj et al, 2018).…”

Section: What Can We Learn From Simulations?supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Yet, the recruitment of younger participants is not unusual for all types of simulation studies (Wood et al, 2012;Hwang et al, 2018). In this review, four studies compared younger and older normally sighted adults under simulation (Wensveen et al, 1995;Kwon et al, 2012;Krishnan et al, 2019;Lane et al, 2019). They found significantly decreased performance for both age groups under simulation, but comparatively worse performance for the older adults.…”

Section: Comparison Of Simulation Methods Validation and Adaptation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, in contrast to gaze contingent paradigms that create unique scotomas for each person, the computer manipulated images are the same for all participants. This approach does not necessarily subvert the quality of computer manipulations given that the descriptions of the methods in each of the papers are based upon standardized formulas reflecting AMD characteristics (Lane et al, 2019). But behavior or performance measured using this method is likely to lack realism.…”

Section: Comparison Of Simulation Methods Validation and Adaptation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, many researchers constructed experiments in which task performance was directly compared using normal vision and simulated AMD vision. The studies routinely found significant negative effects under simulation (e.g., slower speed, reduced accuracy) on the respective measured outcomes (see Table 1; Copolillo et al, 2017;Gupta et al, 2018;Lane et al, 2019). For instance, reading focused simulation studies found an expected decrease in reading performance (Wensveen et al, 1995;Gupta et al, 2018;Krishnan et al, 2019), whilst facial recognition studies showed the typical decline in face and emotional perception as simulation of AMD worsens (Irons et al, 2014;McKone et al, 2018;Lane et al, 2019;de Boer et al, 2021).…”

Section: What Can We Learn From Simulations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Investigating difficulties during activities of daily living is a fundamental first step for the development of vision-related intervention and rehabilitation strategies. One way to do this is through visual impairment simulations. The aim of this review is to synthesize and assess the types of simulation methods that have been used to simulate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in normally sighted participants, during activities of daily living (e.g., reading, cleaning, and cooking).Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in five databases and a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various AMD simulation methods (following PRISMA guidelines). The review focuses on the suitability of each method for investigating activities of daily living, an assessment of clinical validation procedures, and an evaluation of the adaptation periods for participants.Results: Nineteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Contact lenses, computer manipulations, gaze contingent displays, and simulation glasses were the main forms of AMD simulation identified. The use of validation and adaptation procedures were reported in approximately two-thirds and half of studies, respectively.Conclusions: Synthesis of the methodology demonstrated that the choice of simulation has been, and should continue to be, guided by the nature of the study. While simulations may never completely replicate vision loss experienced during AMD, consistency in simulation methodology is critical for generating realistic behavioral responses under vision impairment simulation and limiting the influence of confounding factors. Researchers could also come to a consensus regarding the length and form of adaptation by exploring what is an adequate amount of time and type of training required to acclimatize participants to vision impairment simulations.

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Section: What Can We Learn From Simulations?supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Comparison Of Simulation Methods Validation and Adaptation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Comparison Of Simulation Methods Validation and Adaptation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Can We Learn From Simulations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the Western world, 1 leading to poor quality of life outcomes especially for reading, driving, and looking after oneself. 2 – 4 Recent advances in managing early stages of AMD 5 and treatments for end stage geographic atrophy are currently being explored (ARVO abstract: 2019, 4983). Previous studies have investigated impaired visual acuity (VA), 6 dark adaptation, 7 flicker thresholds, 8 photostress recovery time, 9 and microperimetry in AMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Central Versus Peripheral Macular Structure-Function With Acuity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Sabeti

Lane

Rohan

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may have preserved visual function despite significant retinal structural changes. We aimed to evaluate the relationships among retinal thickness, macular sensitivity, and visual acuity (VA) in advanced AMD. Methods We examined 43 eyes of 22 patients with advanced AMD (ages 66–93 years), prospectively recruited from the Canberra Hospital Ophthalmology Department. Visual function was measured on participants with low and high contrast visual acuity (LCVA and HCVA) and 10-2 Matrix visual fields. Retinal structure was determined with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and customized software mapped the 64 OCT macular thickness regions onto the 44 regions of the 10-2 test. Results Median retinal thickness at each 10-2 region was near normal. Just 7 of 88 regions from the OCT analysis that were thicker than the median had sensitivity that declined significantly with increasing thickness (r = −0.698 ± 0.082, mean ± SD), whereas 17 of 88 thinner regions showed significantly decreasing sensitivity with decreasing thickness (r = 0.723 ± 0.078). The absolute value of deviations from median optical coherence tomography thickness (aOCT) outside the central eight degrees was significantly correlated with HCVA (r = −0.34, P = 0.047). Thickness in the central eight degrees was not. Similarly, matrix sensitivities inside the central eight degrees were significantly correlated with outer aOCT (r = −0.49, P = 0.002). Conclusions Retinal thickness outside eight degrees were significantly associated with HCVA and macular sensitivity. These results suggest that outer macular thickness may be a useful prognostic indicator in AMD. Translational Relevance Retinal structure at the borders of the macula may be a surrogate marker of vision and retinal thickness near fixation.

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Relationships between retinal structure and function and vision-related quality of life measures in advanced age-related macular degeneration

Sabeti

Lane

Rohan

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Caricaturing can improve facial expression recognition in low-resolution images and age-related macular degeneration

Abstract: Caricaturing can improve facial expression recognition in low-resolution images and age-related macular degeneration.

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review

Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review

Correlation of Central Versus Peripheral Macular Structure-Function With Acuity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Relationships between retinal structure and function and vision-related quality of life measures in advanced age-related macular degeneration

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