Carica papaya Leaf Juice for Dengue: A Scoping Review

Abstract

The potential therapeutic effect of Carica papaya leaf juice has attracted wide interest from the public and scientists in relieving dengue related manifestations. Currently, there is a lack of evaluated evidence on its juice form. Therefore, this scoping review aims to critically appraise the available scientific evidence related to the efficacy of C. papaya leaf juice in dengue. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords on two electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). Searched results were identified, screened and appraised to establish the association between C. papaya and alleviating dengue associated conditions. A total of 28 articles (ethnobotanical information: three, in vitro studies: three, ex vivo studies: one, in vivo study: 13, clinical studies: 10) were included for descriptive analysis, which covered study characteristics, juice preparation/formulations, study outcomes, and toxicity findings. Other than larvicidal activity, this review also reveals two medicinal potentials of C. papaya leaf juice on dengue infection, namely anti-thrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory effects. C. papaya leaf juice has the potential to be a new drug candidate against dengue disease safely and effectively.

Biochemical Impact of Carica Papaya (Pawpaw) leaves Extract and Ruzu Bitters on Hematology and Brain Histology in Sprague Dawley Rats

“…Platelet levels are significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the papaya extract group of both acute and chronic tests compared to those of Ruzu and the control group (Figure 5). This result is by a recent study which shows that platelet counts significantly increased in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever treated with Carica papaya leaves extract [18] ; this is a result of its immunomodulatory effect [38], as reported in another study which shows that it was able to mediate allergic reactions and inhibit the growth of certain tumor cells, the leaves contains flavonoids, a potent antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate, which increases the production of Th1-type cytokines [39]. Another study revealed that the leaf extract showed a significant therapeutic effect on Thrombocytopenia, a clinical manifestation of low platelet count [40]; this is also in line with our result.…”

Development of bioformulations using plant extracts for the control of dengue vector, Aedes aegypti

“…It was understood that Carica papaya juice has been attracted worldwide for the control of dengue fever. The leaves of C. papaya contains alkaloids, flavinoids and phenolic acids and has high medicinal value (Teh et al, 2022). Total flavinoids can be isolated using ethlyacetate extract from the plants C. papaya (Pujiastuti and Andreana, 2022) and based on the various medicinal properties of the compounds present in the above plants, it was chosen for the study.…”

Papaya Leaf Extracts as Potential Dengue Treatment: An In-Silico Study

“…Papaya leaf extracts (PLE) have become popular as a traditional remedy for various ailments, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [ 26 ], wound healing [ 27 ], anti-sickling [ 28 ], chronic kidney diseases [ 29 ], anti-bacterial treatment, reversible male infertility [ 30 ], and dengue [ 31 ]. While Carpaine in PLE is the major active compound that contributes to anti-thrombocytopenic activity [ 32 , 33 ], other phenolic compounds might also be acting as antivirals in synergy, as suggested by Sharma et al [ 34 ] via in vivo studies, showing that PLE can be active as an antiviral towards DENV [ 12 , 35 ]. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of PLE carried out by Canini et al [ 36 ] extracted seven phenolic compounds ( Figure 1 ).…”