Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor that has been shown to improve progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) [1][2][3]. In Europe, carfilzomib is approved for the treatment of patients with RRMM in combination with dexamethasone (Kd); lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd); and, since 2020, daratumumab and dexamethasone (D-Kd) [4][5][6]. A recent observational cohort study described the use of KRd and Kd across Europe and Israel [7,8], but survival data in the real-world setting have not been reported for carfilzomibtreated patients in Europe. Using and expanding on a previous study of patients with RRMM from the Système Nationale des Données de Santé (SNDS) national claims database [9], this comprehensive real-world analysis describes the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients receiving carfilzomib (KRd and Kd) in France between 2016 and 2019. Briefly, adults who were diagnosed with multiple myeloma and had received at least one dose of carfilzomib between 2014 and 2019 were included. The study design has previously been published [9]; this study extension had an end date of December 31, 2019. Carfilzomib became available in France in 2016 under an Authorization for Temporary Use, and then became fully available in July 2018. For each patient, data were collected on clinical characteristics and were analysed as a primary objective. Data on treatment patterns were also analysed. OS and time-to-next treatment (TTNT) were estimated in an exploratory analysis. OS was defined as the time from the start of carfilzomib treatment until death or the end of follow-up. TTNT was defined as the start of carfilzomib treatment until the initiation of the next line of treatment or death. The database included 2471 patients treated with carfilzomibbased regimens. Clinical characteristics are presented by treatment group (KRd or Kd) and treatment line (second line [2L], third line [3L],and fourth or later lines [4L+]) in Table 1. Overall, 40% (n = 993) of patients received KRd. Half of patients (n = 497; 50%) receiving KRd initiated it as a 2L treatment, and 44%-60% had autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) at first line (1L). Most patients (n = 1478; 60%) received the Kd regimen, which was generally initiated as 4L+ (n = 1133; 77%). Among patients receiving Kd at 4L+, 40% had ASCT at 1L and most had previous exposure to bortezomib (98%), lenalidomide (91%), or daratumumab (60%) (Table 1).