Caregiving in schizophrenia: development, internal consistency and reliability of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire – European Version

Abstract

BackgroundIn international research on the consequences of psychiatric illnesses for relatives of patients, the need for an internationally standardised measure has been identified.AimsTo test the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) in five European countries.MethodThe IEQ was administered twice to a sample of relatives or friends of patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's α, intraclass correlation coefficients and standard error of measurement. Reliability estimates were tested between sites.ResultsTest sample sizes ranged from 30 to 90 across sites, and retest sample sizes ranged from 21 to 77. Cronbach's α values of IEQ sub-scales and sumscore were substantial at most sites; but at two, α values were moderate. Intraclass correlation coefficients were substantial to high at all sites. The standard errors of measurement differed across sites, indicating differences in performance.ConclusionThe reliability of the IEQ in five languages varies across sites, but is sufficiently high in at least four out of five.

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“…The results are similar to some other studies (23,25,33). This can attributed to worse psychiatric disorder prognosis in males than in females and greater resistance to treatment in male patients (34). In summary, the findings imply high burden in the caregivers in this Iranian samples, thus, it is necessary to promote the families' knowledge and awareness to reduce long-term care giving burden.…”

The influence of social cues in persuasive social robots on psychological reactance and compliance

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Which factors influence the psychological distress among relatives of patients with chronic functional psychoses? An exploratory study in a community mental health care setting

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