Caregiver Willingness to Vaccinate Children with Pneumococcal Vaccines and to Pay in a Low-Resource Setting in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

To determine the vaccine hesitancy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in a low-resource setting in China and to identify associated factors, a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in the city of Guilin, China, from December 2021 to March 2022, which comprised sociodemographic information, attitudes toward vaccines and pneumonia, and PCV13 vaccination willingness and willingness to pay (WTP). Stepwise logistic regression and Tobit regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with PCV13 vaccination willingness and WTP, respectively. In total, 1254 questionnaires were included, of which 899, 254, and 101 participants showed acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal to vaccinate their children with PCV13, respectively. Only 39.07% of participants knew about PCV13 before this survey. A total of 558 (48.40%) participants accepted the full payment of vaccination, and 477 (41.37%) other participants accepted the partial payment, with a median cost of CNY 920.00. Demographics, social and psychological context, and attitudes toward vaccines were all associated with PCV13 vaccination but varied for hesitators and refusers. There is a substantial local demand for vaccinating children with PCV13 and partial payment is widely accepted. More publicity and educational efforts and a socially supportive environment are required to alleviate vaccine hesitancy.

Acceptability for the influenza virus vector COVID-19 vaccine for intranasal spray: A cross-sectional survey in Beijing, China

“…The underlying reasons for their hesitancy need to be investigated further because of their essential role in vaccination promotion. 34 , 35 In another survey conducted at the same time as this one (not yet published), we found that the primary barrier was fear of infection during the vaccination process. It implies that measures that can reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection risk during vaccination (e.g.…”

“…For “sociodemographic information,” older age, male sex, and high education level were positively associated with vaccine acceptability, which is consistent with other studies. 33 , 34 Besides, healthcare workers showed lower vaccine acceptability than non-healthcare workers for both recommendation willingness and preference for intranasal spray. The underlying reasons for their hesitancy need to be investigated further because of their essential role in vaccination promotion.…”

Acceptance and willingness to pay for DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine among parents: A cross-sectional survey in China

“…Some studies about the acceptance and WTP of non-immunization vaccines have been conducted in China. These studies concern individual vaccines such as HPV vaccine, 21 , 29 pneumococcal vaccine, 30 COVID-19 vaccines, influenza vaccines. 29 , 31 , 32 To our knowledge, this is the first time that parental WTP for hexavalent vaccine has been investigated in China’s mainland.…”

Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century?

“…In China, the coverage rate varies greatly by region and is especially limited in low-resource settings. Cost, insufficient vaccine knowledge and not being included in the National Immunisation Programme were found to be the major reasons for vaccine refusal and hesitancy [ 127 ]. Health disparities between low- and high-income provinces persist and remain an important target of China's health reform [ 128 ].…”