Caregiver Burden and Associated Factors Among Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors

Achilike, Saviour; Beauchamp, Jennifer E S; Cron, Stanley G.; Okpala, Munachi; Payen, Samuel; Baldridge, Lyric; Okpala, Nnedinma; Montiel, Tahani Casameni; Varughese, Tina; Love, Mary F; Fagundes, Christopher P.; Savitz, Sean I; Sharrief, Anjail

doi:10.1097/jnn.0000000000000552

Cited by 55 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We also found a correlation between caregivers’ burden and depression. This finding is in line with those of previous researchers [ 23 , 26 , 28 , 31 ]. In particular, the severity of the caregivers’ burden correlated positively with the severity of depression, and higher depressive symptoms were related to life changes for the worse (higher burden) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, a stroke survivor's functional disability and the gender of an informal caregiver were associated with informal caregiver burden in the USA [26], though we found no such associations in our study. Pucciarelli et al [27] performed a 12-month longitudinal study in order to detect the changes in caregivers' quality of life, anxiety, depression, and burden, and their predictors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

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The Effects of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Characteristics on the Burden of Families Caring for Stroke Survivors

Kavga

Kalemikerakis

Faros

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Vascular strokes are the leading cause of long-term disability for adults. They impose high levels of burden on the patient, the family, and national healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effects of patients’ and caregivers’ characteristics on the perceptions of burden in families caring for a loved one living with stroke in Greece. Methods: Using purposive sampling, 109 dyads of patients and their respective caregivers were recruited from the Attica region. Patients completed a questionnaire that included personal characteristics and the Barthel Index, while caregivers completed a set of questionnaires—personal characteristics, revised Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS), Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ 2000), and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Results: Caregiving burden was linked to both patients’ and caregivers’ characteristics. A patient’s educational level, the number of family members living in the same house, the existence of equipment and facilities in the house, and the duration of provided care were associated with perception of greater burden. Regarding caregivers’ characteristics, those in good health had a significantly lower perception of burden. Higher PRQ 2000 scores were significantly associated with higher BCOS scores (less burden), and higher CES-D scores were significantly associated with lower BCOS scores (more burden). Conclusion: Caring for a loved one affected by stroke places a considerable burden on the caregiver. Systematic assessment and intervention strategies can help to identify caregivers at risk so that suitably targeted assistance may be provided.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

The Effects of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Characteristics on the Burden of Families Caring for Stroke Survivors

Kavga

Kalemikerakis

Faros

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Many studies have examined the association between caregivers’ burden with patients’ and caregivers’ characteristics [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. A systematic review revealed that (i) caregivers’ mental health and (ii) time and effort of caregiving responsibilities were associated with caregivers’ burden [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Influence of Social Interactions and Community Resources on Caregivers’ Burden in Stroke Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

Koh

Matchar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Since the introduction of the integrated care model, understanding how social interactions and community resources can alleviate caregivers’ burden is vital to minimizing negative patients’ outcomes. This study (n = 214) examined the associations between these factors and caregivers’ burden in stroke settings. It used 3-month and 1-year post-stroke data collected from five tertiary hospitals. Subjective and objective caregivers’ burdens were measured using Zarit burden interview and Oberst caregiving burden scale respectively. The independent variables examined were quality of care relationship, care management strategies for managing patients’ behaviour, family caregiving conflict, formal service usage and assistance to the caregiver. Significant associations were determined using mixed effect modified Poisson regressions. For both types of burden, the scores were slightly higher at 3 months as compared to 1 year. Poorer care-relationship (relative risk: 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.94) and adopting positive care management strategies (relative risk: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) were independently associated with a high subjective burden. Providing assistance to caregivers (relative risk: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.72–3.29) and adopting positive care management strategies (relative risk: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04) were independently associated with a high objective burden. Adopting positive care management strategies at 3 months had a significant indirect effect (standardised β: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.20) on high objective burden at one year. Healthcare providers should be aware that excessive care management strategies and assistance from family members may add to caregivers’ burden.

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“…Caregivers of individuals with chronic conditions appear to use the internet for general purposes, to access health-related information and track health-related indicators (eg, weight), support, and services [30,31]. Caring for individuals with a chronic condition is considered a major life stressor that negatively affects the health and well-being of caregivers [39][40][41][42]. However, stroke survivor-informal caregiver dyad interventions have predominately focused on the health and well-being of stroke survivors rather than caring for oneself as a caregiver [40].…”

Section: Comparison With Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet Access and Usage Among Stroke Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Cross-sectional Study

Naqvi¹,

Montiel²,

Bittar³

et al. 2021

JMIR Form Res

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Background Web-based interventions have shown promise for chronic disease management but have not been widely applied to populations with stroke. Existing barriers may inhibit the adoption of web-based interventions among stroke survivors and necessitate the involvement of informal caregivers. However, limited information is available on internet accessibility and usability among stroke survivors and their caregivers. Objective This study aims to investigate internet access and usage in a cohort of stroke survivors and their caregivers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 375 participants (248 stroke survivors and 127 caregivers). Descriptive statistics were generated using cross-tabulation. Comparisons with categorical data were conducted using the chi-square test, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons involving ordinal variables. Results Overall, 86.1% (323/375) of the participants reported having internet access. Caregivers were more likely than stroke survivors to access the internet (N=375, χ21=18.5, P<.001) and used text messaging (n=321, χ21=14.7, P<.001). Stroke survivors and caregivers with internet access were younger than stroke survivors and caregivers without internet access. The highest number of participants who reported internet access were non-Hispanic White. Smartphones were the most common devices used to access the internet. Email was the most common type of internet usage reported. Patients who survived for >12 months after a stroke reported higher internet access than those who survived <3 months (P<.001). The number of hours per week spent using the internet was higher for caregivers than for stroke survivors (P<.001). Conclusions Future feasibility and acceptability studies should consider the role of the informal caregiver, participant age, race and ethnicity, the use of smartphone apps, email and text correspondence, and the amount of time elapsed since the stroke event in the design and implementation of web-based interventions for populations with stroke.

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Caregiver Burden and Associated Factors Among Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors

Abstract: Mild to Moderate Caregiver Burden 30 (34)

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

The Effects of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Characteristics on the Burden of Families Caring for Stroke Survivors

The Effects of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Characteristics on the Burden of Families Caring for Stroke Survivors

Examining the Influence of Social Interactions and Community Resources on Caregivers’ Burden in Stroke Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

Internet Access and Usage Among Stroke Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Cross-sectional Study

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