Career counseling: beyond “test and tell”

Abstract

Behavior-oriented inventories need not be used in a static manner. This article presents a way of using John Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) as a n illustration of how such a n inxientory can be employed dynamically within a developmental career counseling framework. Use of the SDS is discussed in terms of environmental exploration, selfexploration, and integration of information. The breadth of individual behavior styles and t h e f i x ibility of work environments are the key concepts in the appoach to career counseling described here.

International Handbook of Career Guidance

“…It was characterised sarcastically as the "test-and-tell" era (Cochran, Vinitsky, & Warren, 1974) or the "three interviews and a cloud of dust" approach (Crites, 1981). Much of the foundation for career guidance at that time was differential psychology and industrial psychology.…”

Measuring specialty indecision among career-decided students

“…Unfortunately, this typological approach, which has been so successful in describing career types, has produced inconsistent and unreplicated descriptions of career subtypes, that is, specialty types (Anderson, 1975;Bureau of Health Resources Development, 1974). In short, the matching model works better in distinguishing between people in different career fields than in distinguishing between people in the same career field (Cochran, Vinitsky, & Warren, 1974;Holland & Holland, 1977). The problem of specialty indecision would be better addressed by focusing less on specialty choice and more on specialty decision making and the antecedents of specialty indecision.…”

Distributions of Personalities Within Occupations and Fields of Study

“…This article was stimulated by two recent articles. Cochran, Vinitsky, and Warren [1] have documented the wide variation of personalities within a group of employed clinical psychologists, and Dolliver and Nelson [2] have pointed to the relative neglect of intraoccupational differences by test developers. The latter also suggested that the emphasis on average profiles may have reduced the range of personalities within an occupation.…”