It is widely believed that one publishes or perishes in academic life. This proposition is examined and evidence noted that shows salary and success of various kinds are related to publication. Teaching appears not to be rewarded. But this does not mean that one goal dominates university life. When one examines how academics spend their time, what they state as their interests and so forth, a different picture emerges. Moreover the actual publication output of most academics is not large, and evidence on how academics attain their appointments suggests that publication is less important than it might appear. Publication is not an oppressive requirement. Finally, a brief examination of the outlet for much academic publication, the journal market, is made.