Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research

Earth, Division on; Anestidou, Lida; Johnson, Anne Frances

doi:10.17226/25356

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Callithrix marmoset species, which are endemic to Brazil (Figure 1), possess a unique set of biological characteristics such as frequent twinning and rapid reproductive rate [1]. Such traits have resulted in marmosets becoming valuable biomedical models that are in high demand among international research facilities, but whose supply is limited [2]. It is estimated that the worldwide population of marmoset biomedical colonies comprises approximately 6,000 marmosets, of which 2,500 are found in Japan, 1,900 in North America, 1,000 in Europe, and 800 in South America [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such traits have resulted in marmosets becoming valuable biomedical models that are in high demand among international research facilities, but whose supply is limited [2]. It is estimated that the worldwide population of marmoset biomedical colonies comprises approximately 6,000 marmosets, of which 2,500 are found in Japan, 1,900 in North America, 1,000 in Europe, and 800 in South America [2]. Within the US, marmosets are housed across approximately 27 research facilities, and the founder marmosets imported into the US during the 1960s and 1970s came from Europe and the United Kingdom [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that the worldwide population of marmoset biomedical colonies comprises approximately 6,000 marmosets, of which 2,500 are found in Japan, 1,900 in North America, 1,000 in Europe, and 800 in South America [2]. Within the US, marmosets are housed across approximately 27 research facilities, and the founder marmosets imported into the US during the 1960s and 1970s came from Europe and the United Kingdom [2]. Pedigree information on the marmosets initially imported into the US is limited, but in many cases present-day marmoset colonies originate from stocks of a few dozen imported animals [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the US, marmosets are housed across approximately 27 research facilities, and the founder marmosets imported into the US during the 1960s and 1970s came from Europe and the United Kingdom [2]. Pedigree information on the marmosets initially imported into the US is limited, but in many cases present-day marmoset colonies originate from stocks of a few dozen imported animals [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marmosets are also known to hybridize, both under free-ranging and captive conditions, with the majority of cases involving C. jacchus as one of the parental species [1, 4–6]. Brazilian free-ranging populations of common marmosets are declining [7], and marmosets for biomedical use are difficult to import under international wildlife trade regulations [2]. Given the limited marmoset supply outside of Brazil, uncovering the phylogeny, ancestral biogeographic origins, and hybrid status of captive marmosets is critical for their biomedical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Mitogenomic and Mitochondrial Markers for the Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Study of Marmosets, with special focus on captive Callithrix jacchus

Fonseca

Rosario

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Marmosets, especially Callithrix jacchus, are becoming valuable, high-demand biomedical models but their supply outside of their native Brazil is limited. Thus, uncovering the ancestry and biogeographic origins of captive marmosets is an essential task to optimize their biomedical use. Such information facilitates assessing standing levels of captive marmoset genetic diversity, identifying hybrids, and maintaining genetic diversity of captive marmoset populations. Here, we present 16 newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes from marmosets with C. jacchus phenotypes from international biomedical and animal supply facilities. We combine these new data with publicly available sequences to compare usage of mitogenome and the mtDNA control region for determining the ancestry and diversity of captive marmosets. MtDNA control region and mitogenome haplotypes from all 16 newly sequenced marmosets grouped within C. jacchus phylogenetic clades. Overall, phylogenies based on mitogenomes rather than the control region showed better resolved branching patterns with stronger statistical support within C. jacchus clades. However, both mtDNA markers show that C. jacchus is the sister clade to the phylogenetic C. penicillata Caatinga biome clade. Callithrix jacchus mtDNA control region haplotypes showed the highest haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and were intermediate in terms of per sequence theta and polymorphic sites. The larger number of available Callithrix mtDNA control region sequences relative to mitogenomes was used to determine ancestral mtDNA haplotype biogeographic origins. However, biogeographic origins for many C. jacchus haplotypes including those from international captive facilities could not be determined, which we attributed to unknown provenance information from natural C. jacchus populations. Given our results, we encourage increased sampling and genomic sequencing efforts for natural C. jacchus populations in Brazil, and utilizing the mitogenome over other mtDNA markers for phylogenetic-based analyses. Further, combining marmoset mitogenomic data with phenotypic and nuclear genomic data will greatly enhance the biomedical use of marmosets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Mitogenomic and Mitochondrial Markers for the Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Study of Marmosets, with special focus on captive Callithrix jacchus

Fonseca

Rosario

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Perspectives on Conservation Impacts of the Global Primate Trade

Badihi,

Nielsen,

Garber

et al. 2024

Int J Primatol

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The global trade in nonhuman primates represents a substantial threat to ecosystem health, human health, and primate conservation worldwide. Most of the primate trade involves trade for pet-keeping, consumption, or biomedical experimentation. We present an overview of international primate trade through five case studies; each describes a different facet of this trade. We draw on published scientific literature, media outlets, and open access datasets, including the CITES Trade Database to build these case studies. Case study 1 describes the role of introduced island populations of Macaca and Chlorocebus in trade for biomedical experimentation; case study 2 covers the global health threats posed by the primate trade, including zoonotic disease transmission once animals enter the trade pipeline; case study 3 addresses the ways that changing patterns of primate trade, from local markets to online, have increased the demand for primates as pets; case study 4 recognizes the role that local environmental activism can play in mitigating trade; and case study 5 shows variation between global regions in their contribution to the primate trade. We recommend greater oversight of primate trade, especially domestic trade within primate range countries, and real-time reporting to CITES to accurately track primate trade. Effective conservation-focused regulations that can minimise the negative effects of primate trade must be tailored to specific regions and species and require transparency, careful regulation, field research, and an understanding of the magnitude of this trade.

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High resolution dynamic ultrasound atlas of embryonic and fetal development of the common marmoset

Soman,

Fabiszak,

McPhee

et al. 2024

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) provides an ideal model to study early development of primates, and an in vivo platform to validate conclusions from in vitro studies of human embryos and embryo models. Currently, however, no established staging atlas of marmoset embryonic development exists. Using high-resolution, longitudinal ultrasound scans on live pregnant marmosets, we present the first dynamic in vivo imaging of entire primate gestation beginning with attachment until the last day before birth. Methods Our study unveils the first dynamic images of an in vivo attached mammalian embryo developing in utero, and the intricacies of the delayed development period unique to the common marmoset amongst primates, revealing a window for somatic interventions. Results Established obstetric and embryologic measurements for each scan were used comparatively with the standardized Carnegie staging of human development to highlight similarities and differences. Our study also allows for tracking the development of major organs. We focus on the ontogeny of the primate heart and brain. Finally, input ultrasound images were used to train deep neural networks to accurately determine the gestational age. All our ultrasounds and staging data recording are posted online so that the atlas can be used as a community resource toward monitoring and managing marmoset breeding colonies. Conclusion The temporal and spatial resolution of ultrasound achieved in this study demonstrates the promise of noninvasive imaging in the marmoset for the in vivo study of primate-specific aspects of embryonic and fetal development.

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Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Mitogenomic and Mitochondrial Markers for the Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Study of Marmosets, with special focus on captive Callithrix jacchus

Comparison of Mitogenomic and Mitochondrial Markers for the Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Study of Marmosets, with special focus on captive Callithrix jacchus

Perspectives on Conservation Impacts of the Global Primate Trade

High resolution dynamic ultrasound atlas of embryonic and fetal development of the common marmoset

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