Care of the growth-restricted newborn

Carducci, Bianca; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.02.003

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The children in this study were normal weight at baseline but selected according to their increased risk of obesity. They were either born by an obese mother, came from a low SES family or had a high birth weight according to gestational age, since these factors increase the risk of obesity in later life [ 36 – 38 ]. We did not select children specifically by low birth weight, although low birth weight and subsequent rapid growth are additional factors predisposing children to obesity [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behaviour and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children

et al. 2018

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Infants who are breastfed are introduced to a variety of flavours from the maternal milk, and thus the transition from maternal milk to complementary foods may be easier for these children. The aim of this study was to investigate if duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with pickiness or dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, starchy foods or sugar sweetened beverages among obesity prone normal weight children aged 2–6 years. This cohort study was based on data from the Healthy Start primary intervention study, the Danish Medical Birth registry and the Danish Health Visitor’s Child Health Database. Infant feeding was registered by health nurses while home-visiting the mother and child up to four times within the first year. Information on eating behaviour and diet intake at age 2–6 years was obtained by parents. Crude and adjusted logistic and general linear regression models were used to investigate associations. A total of 236 children had complete information on all variables. Data showed lower odds of picky eating behaviour when exclusively breastfed until age 4–5 months compared to exclusively breastfed for 0–1 months (OR = 0.35, 95CI = 0.16;0.76, p = 0.008). In the crude analysis only, exclusively breastfed until age 6–10 months was associated with a higher daily intake of vegetables (p = 0.04). This study suggests that exclusive breastfeeding duration seems to influence pickiness and may contribute to facilitate the consumption of more vegetables in later childhood in obesity prone normal weight children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behaviour and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children

et al. 2018

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“…Although there are calls for alternate case definitions better to identify and classify nutritionally at‐risk infants (Lelijveld, Kerac, McGrath, Mwangome, & Berkley, ), low weight‐for‐length is also currently dominant in all national guidelines on SAM (Kerac et al, ). Important to note in this respect are two issues: whatever the aetiology, the great majority of such very small infants are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality (Carducci & Bhutta, ; NGA, ) as in our population, birth weights and gestational age is frequently unknown in many resource‐poor settings. Hence, our conclusions regarding the need for packages of care still apply to all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe malnutrition in infants aged <6 months—Outcomes and risk factors in Bangladesh: A prospective cohort study

Islam

Arafat

Connell

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects ~4 million infants under 6 months (u6m) worldwide, but evidence underpinning their care is "very low" quality. To inform future research and policy, the objectives of our study were to identify risk factors for infant u6m SAM and describe the clinical and anthropometric outcomes of treatment with current management strategies. We conducted a prospective cohort study in infants u6m in Barisal district, Bangladesh. One group of 77 infants had SAM (weight-for-length Z-score [WLZ] <-3 and/or bipedal oedema); 77 others were "non-SAM" (WLZ ≥-2 to <+2, no oedema, mid-upper-arm circumference ≥125 mm). All were enrolled at 4-8 weeks of age and followed up at 6 months. Maternal education and satisfaction with breastfeeding were among factors associated with SAM. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was shorter at enrolment (3·9 ± 2.1 vs. 5.7 ± 2.2 weeks, P < 0.0001) and at age 6 months (13.2 ± 8.9 vs. 17.4 ± 7.9 weeks; P = 0.003) among SAM infants. Despite referral, only 13 (17%) reported for inpatient care, and at 6 months, 18 (23%) infants with SAM still had SAM, and 3 (3.9%) died. In the non-SAM group, one child developed SAM, and none died. We conclude that current treatment strategies have limited practical effectiveness: poor uptake of inpatient referral being the main reason. World Health Organization recommendations and other intervention strategies of outpatient-focused care for malnourished but clinically stable infants u6m need to be tested. Breastfeeding support is likely central to future treatment strategies but may be insufficient alone. Better case definitions of nutritionally at-risk infants are also needed.

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“…In line, mounting evidence suggests a strictly interplay between newborn and mother metabolisms, which in turn involve nutrient stores and intakes [3][4][5]. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) developed several dietary recommendations and strategies for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes [6]. Among these, pre-term birth (PTB; birth before 37 weeks of gestation) and small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age) represent the major causes of death among newborns [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

Barchitta

Maugeri

Lio

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Folate requirement among women who plan to become pregnant should be raised to 600 μg/day during the periconceptional period. To meet this need, several countries began to promote the use of folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy. Here, we investigated prevalence and determinants of dietary folate intake and folic acid supplement use among 397 pregnant women (aged 15–50 years old, median = 37 years old). We also investigated their effects on neonatal outcomes in a subgroup of women who completed pregnancy. For doing that, we used data from the “Mamma & Bambino” project, an ongoing mother-child cohort settled in Catania (Italy). Inadequate folate intake was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and defined as an intake < 600 μg/day. Women were also classified as non-users (i.e., women who did not use folic acid supplements), insufficient users (i.e., women who did not take folic acid supplements as recommended), and recommended users of folic acid supplements. Neonatal outcomes of interest were preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA). Nearly 65% of women (n = 257) reported inadequate folate intake, while 74.8% and 22.4% were respectively classified as insufficient or recommended users of supplements. We demonstrated higher odds of inadequate folate intake among smoking women (OR = 1.457; 95%CI = 1.046–2.030; p = 0.026), those who followed dietary restrictions (OR = 2.180; 95%CI = 1.085–4.378; p = 0.029), and those with low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (OR = 3.194; 95%CI = 1.958–5.210; p < 0.001). In a subsample of 282 women who completed pregnancy, we also noted a higher percentage of SGA among those with inadequate folate intake (p < 0.001). Among 257 women with inadequate folate intake, those with low educational level were more likely to not take folic acid supplements than their more educated counterpart (OR = 5.574; 95%CI = 1.487–21.435; p = 0.012). In a subsample of 184 women with inadequate folate intake and complete pregnancy, we observed a higher proportion of SGA newborns among women who did not take supplement before pregnancy and those who did not take at all (p = 0.009). We also noted that the proportion of PTB was higher among non-users and insufficient users of folic acid supplements, but difference was not statistically significant. Our study underlined the need for improving the adherence of pregnant women with recommendations for dietary folate intake and supplement use. Although we proposed a protective effect of folic acid supplement use on risk of SGA, further research is encouraged to corroborate our findings and to investigate other factors involved.

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Care of the growth-restricted newborn

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behaviour and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children

Duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be related to eating behaviour and dietary intake in obesity prone normal weight young children

Severe malnutrition in infants aged <6 months—Outcomes and risk factors in Bangladesh: A prospective cohort study

Dietary Folate Intake and Folic Acid Supplements among Pregnant Women from Southern Italy: Evidence from the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort

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