Care of Nest and Young

Herrick, Francis H.

doi:10.2307/4069154

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…For example, fecal sac disposal occurs in distinct stages (Blair and Tucker 1941). In some cases, adult birds appear to wait for defecation (Herrick 1900;Gabrielson 1912;Selous 1933;Smith 1950;Glück 1988;Ley and Williams 1998), whereas adults of other species stimulate defecation by prodding the cloacal region (Selous 1933;Erickson 1938;Smith 1942Smith , 1947Smith , 1950Gill 1983;Conder 1948;Nice 1964;Nolan 1978;Islam 1994), tugging at the nestling's back (Smith 1942(Smith , 1950, or shaking the nestling's head vigorously (Smith 1942(Smith , 1950. Efforts to stimulate defecation vary during the nestling period, but seem greater earlier than later in this stage (Blair and Tucker 1941) when violent stimulation no longer seems necessary (Smith 1942).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In other species, one member of the pair cleaned the nest, whereas the other fed the nestlings (Herrick 1900;Selous 1933). Herrick (1900) observed a female Cedar Waxwing spreading her wings to shield the brood from the sun, whereas the male repeatedly fed the nestlings cherries.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Naturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The logarithm of distance carried was proportional to the logarithm of body mass (t 55 = 2.53, P = 0.01, r 2 = 0.11). Distance increased with increasing size of the species, possibly because fecal sacs are larger and must be transported farther to minimize attracting predators to the nest Parental nutrition hypothesis (McGowan 1995) This hypothesis posits that adults ingest fecal sacs for nutritional benefit (Herrick 1900;Blair and Tucker 1941;McGowan 1995). When two parents are present when a fecal sac emerges, the female, who is likely the more nutritionally stressed, was more likely to eat it (McGowan 1995).…”

Section: Fecal Sac Removalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Herrick (1900) observed a female Cedar Waxwing spreading her wings to shield the brood from the sun, whereas the male repeatedly fed the nestlings cherries. The female remained straddled over the nest, devouring excrement (Herrick 1900). Selous (1933) observed a male Blackcap arrive at the nest without feeding the nestlings, but it had come to the nest for another purpose-to clean it.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Naturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Feces may be nutritious (Herrick 1900;Kluijver 1950;Morton 1979;Kozlowski 1981;Glück 1988;McGowan 1995;Stake and Cavanagh 2001), they may provide water (Morton 1979;Glück 1988), or ingestion of them may be an economic alternative to the cost incurred when feces are carried away from the nest (Khacher 1978;Hurd et al 1991;McGowan 1995).…”

Section: Fecal Sac Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nest sanitation in passerine birds: implications for egg rejection in hosts of brood parasites

Guigueno

Sealy

2011

J Ornithol

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We reviewed information on nest sanitation (nest cleaning) by passerine birds because the act of cleaning nests is thought to be associated with egg rejection by hosts of brood parasites, and yet there has been no synthesis of the literature on nest sanitation. In the first part of the review, we summarized information on nest sanitation. We found that birds remove a variety of objects from nests such as egg shells, fecal sacs, pieces of vegetation, invertebrate parasites, dead chicks, uneaten food, and occasionally unhatched eggs. Fecal sac removal, the most commonly considered type of nest sanitation behavior, is not divided equally between the sexes across species; females remove more fecal sacs than males. In addition, larger species tend to carry fecal sacs farther than smaller species. In the second part of the review, we discuss the importance of nest sanitation in the evolution of egg rejection behavior of brood parasite hosts. Recent studies involving the experimental addition of non-egg-shaped objects to nests or to the vicinity of nests suggest that nest sanitation plays a role in host rejection of avian brood parasitism. Most objects added to nests prior to hatching (usually hard) and after hatching (usually soft) were rejected. In a logistic regression model, shape and size were the significant factors in eliciting rejection for all hosts that received experimental non-egg objects added to their nests prior to hatching. Nest sanitation may be an exaptation for antiparasite defences and thus plays an important role in the host-parasite arms race.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sex Differences In Naturementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fecal Sac Removalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sex Differences In Naturementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fecal Sac Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nest sanitation in passerine birds: implications for egg rejection in hosts of brood parasites

Guigueno

Sealy

2011

J Ornithol

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Is nest predation an important selective pressure determining fecal sac removal? The effect of olfactory cues

et al. 2014

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Fecal sacs do not increase nest predation in a ground nester

et al. 2018

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Most altricial birds remove their nestlings’ feces from the nest, but the evolutionary forces driving this behavior are poorly understood. A possible adaptive explanation for this could be that birds avoid the attraction of nest predators to their nests due to the visual or olfactory cues produced by feces (nest predation hypothesis). This hypothesis has received contrasting support indicating that additional experimental studies are needed, particularly with respect to the visual component of fecal sacs. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment manipulating the presence of fecal sacs on inactive Woodlark (Lullula arborea) nests. This ground nester has highly cryptic nests that are mainly depredated by visually oriented nest predators (i.e., corvids) in our study population, making it an excellent system to test for the nest predation hypothesis. Our results showed that the presence of fecal sacs in the nest does not seem to be an important factor explaining nest predation. Interestingly, the effect of nest concealment, the most important factor explaining nest predation in Woodlark nests, depended on whether the nest was depredated the previous year or not, supporting the importance of using different nesting sites between years. Our findings indicate that this important nest sanitation behavior is not likely motivated by nest predation and highlight the need to explore alternative selective pressures in this context.

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Care of Nest and Young

Abstract: lOO Herrick, Care of Nest ajtd Young. \ K^\ CARE OF NEST AND YOUNG.

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Nest sanitation in passerine birds: implications for egg rejection in hosts of brood parasites

Nest sanitation in passerine birds: implications for egg rejection in hosts of brood parasites

Is nest predation an important selective pressure determining fecal sac removal? The effect of olfactory cues

Fecal sacs do not increase nest predation in a ground nester

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