Cardiovascular Safety Assessment in Cancer Drug Development

Oren, Ohad; Neilan, Tomas G.; Fradley, Michael G.; Bhatt, Deepak L.

doi:10.1161/jaha.121.024033

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Given the shifting demographic and epidemiologic landscape (aging population with higher rates of CV disease, longer treatment durations, potential drug-drug interactions, new mechanisms of CV toxicity), oncology trials should broaden eligibility criteria to include patients with CV diseases to accurately capture the risks and benefits of therapy in real-world populations. 59) Dual assessment of both CV and cancer outcomes has been proposed to evaluate the aggregate health effects of an investigated drug. Active post-marketing surveillance of cancer drugs can provide timely insights into any potential CTR-CVT.…”

Section: Overcoming Barriers To Cardio-oncology In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia

Tan

Sohn

et al. 2023

Korean Circ J

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Author's summary In recent years, there has been growing interest in the subspecialty of cardio-oncology worldwide. With the growth in cardiovascular and cancer burden in Asia, there is a greater need for cardio-oncology awareness among physicians managing this unique group of patients and need to develop country-specific cardio-oncology initiatives. In this state-of-the-art review, we sought to describe the epidemiology of cancer and cardiovascular disease burden in Asia, a region with rich cultural and socio-economic diversity. From describing the uniqueness and challenges in establishing cardio-oncology in Asia, and ways to overcome any barriers, this article aims to advance the field of cardio-oncology in this part of the world.

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Section: Overcoming Barriers To Cardio-oncology In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active post-marketing surveillance of cancer drugs can provide timely insights into any potential CTR-CVT. 59) …”

Section: Overcoming Barriers To Cardio-oncology In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia

Tan

Sohn

et al. 2023

Korean Circ J

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“…(2021 г.) обнаружили, что сократительная способность миокарда ЛЖ значительно снижалась сразу после завершения курсов химиотерапии, а субклинические изменения миокарда присутствовали у большего числа пациентов [15]. Большинство этих данных свидетельствуют о поздних изменениях ФВ ЛЖ у пациентов, получавших химиотерапию.…”

Section: результатыunclassified

A complex approach to continuous cardiac monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Observational study

et al. 2022

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Background. Recent advances in targeted chemotherapy have led to improved outcomes in patients with breast cancer (BC) and reduced overall mortality. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used to reduce the degree of invasion and dissemination in the body in cancer patients. The traditional approach of assessing serial echocardiography detects significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) and provides limited predictive sensitivity and specificity for continuous cardiac monitoring. Algorithms for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system, proposed in the world literature, include the assessment of LV EF, tissue Doppler sonography, and the determination of serum biomarker levels. However, the use of this approach in clinical routine practice is limited due to low cost-effectiveness and awareness of physicians. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive assessment systolic and diastolic function, deformity, myocardial tissue harmonics and levels of cardiac biomarkers as a tool for predicting and stratifying the risk of CAH. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 72 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of BC during NAC, who underwent a comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular system at the Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, as a continuous cardiac monitoring in the period from March 2021 to February 2022, the average age of all patients was 47.911.9 years, the stages of the tumor process varied between I and IV. Clinical research methods included the collection of clinical and anamnestic data and sequential analysis of echocardiographic parameters and the level of serum biomarkers. All patients underwent 2D and M-mode echocardiography, pulsed wave Doppler to determine the velocity of blood flow through the mitral valve and TD for the right and left ventricles in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiographers (ASE). LV systolic and diastolic function was assessed according to the ASE clinical guidelines. Peak longitudinal deformation of the LV and the left atrium in various projections was analyzed using the Qlab workstation (Philips Qlab, version 10.5, CMQ; Philips Healthcare, Bothell, Washington, USA). Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and ST-2 protein (growth stimulating factor) were also analyzed. Fasting blood was used to determine the level of soluble ST-2 and NT-proBNP before NAC, at the intermediate and final stages. Soluble ST-2 was measured using ELISA (R/D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota) and NT-proBNP using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (Elecsys proBNP, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results. In our study, we assessed early changes in the LV myocardium during NAC in patients with BC. As can be seen from the figure, the level of both markers begins to increase already during NAC with a subsequent increase after the end of therapy. Thus, NT-ProBNP increased from 74.425 pg/ml to 98.922 pg/ml at the intermediate stage and to 110.721 pg/ml at the final stage. ST-2 increased from 254.5 ng/ml to 293 ng/ml (p=0.00001) and 313 ng/ml. In some patients (24%), at the final stage of the examination, the level of NT-proBNP had pathological values and exceeded 124 pg/ml. The situation is different with LV EF which in group 1 decreases by 11%, and in group 2 by only 6%, but nevertheless significantly. Indicators of LV diastolic function suffer on the background of taking NAC, the main indicators that increased after NAC were the volumes of the left atrium in both groups, the E/A ratio and the systolic filling fraction. Early diastolic lateral wall velocity significantly decreased only in the group with an excessive increase in NT-proBNP after NAC. For other indicators, there was a trend of deterioration in diastolic function. The results of changes in the parameters of LV and left atrium myocardial deformation before and after NAC are also presented. We observe a significant deterioration in overall myocardial deformity and deformity in various positions after NAC. In the analysis of serum biomarkers, the percentage increase in NT-proBNP correlated with the deterioration of LV EF (Spearman coefficient -0.34). A deterioration in the NT-proBNP biomarker of more than 10% has a prognostic value of severe NAC cardiotoxicity with 2=7.17. With multiple regression, a model was obtained where the combination of the following indicators had statistical significance. The degree of change in the other marker ST-2 had significant correlations with the degree of change in CSR, LA volume, total longitudinal strain, strain and strain rate in 4- and 2-chamber studies, as well as LA strain rate. All 72 patients with BC initially had intact LV systolic function before NAC. During NACT, at the stage of the interim study, an increase in the CSR index was noted (p=0.02 compared with the outcome), immediately after the end of the NACT course, further progression of the CSR index was observed (p=0.006 compared with the initial value). EF at the interim study decreased by 4.5% and after the end of NAC by 8.3%. Conclusion. Based on our results, taking into account the entire patient population, NAC undoubtedly causes changes in systolic and diastolic function, a decrease in wall velocity and LV and LA myocardial deformity, and an increase in serum biomarkers. The most sensitive and specific marker of subclinical LV myocardial dysfunction is indicators of diastolic function and deformation of the LV and LA myocardium, as well as the level of serum biomarkers NT-proBNP and ST-2. The variety of clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity, the long latency period and the progressive nature of the disease emphasize the need for early screening and long-term follow-up of patients after chemotherapy. This algorithm for comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular system can become a more widely used non-invasive method and an effective tool in predicting a high risk of cardiotoxicity.

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“…CV toxicities are of particular concern since CV adverse events are underestimated in oncology trials due to the lack of standardized protocols for assessment of such events. Additionally, premarketing oncology trials include a small, strictly defined patient population with a low cardiovascular CV risk profile over a short duration of follow-up time, although oral oncolytics are usually given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, and as such, may not accurately ascertain the true incidence of these adverse events in a real-world population [ 14 ]. CV toxicities have been reported with increasing frequency in post-marketing surveillance and may compromise the success of effective antitumor treatment by adversely affecting the patients’ quality of life and overall survival [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world data of cardio-oncologic interventions for cardiovascular adverse events with oral oncolytics

Abboud,

Umoru,

Trachtenberg

et al. 2024

Cardio-Oncology

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Background Oral cancer therapy-related cardiovascular (CV) toxicity has a wide variety of presentations including arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction, but clinical evidence related to its management is limited. The purpose of this IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective, cohort study was to characterize cardio-oncologic interventions for CV adverse events related to oral oncolytics. Methods The cohort included 67 patients who were admitted to a multi-hospital health system between June 1, 2016 and July 31, 2021, had at least one medical record order of oral oncolytics considered to have cardiotoxic potential, and had an ICD10 code for a cardiotoxic event added to their electronic medical records after initiation of oral oncolytics. Results The majority (97%) had pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or a CV risk factor. The three most common classes of oral oncolytics were aromatase inhibitors (36%), BCR-ABL inhibitors (16%), and VEGFR inhibitors (13%). New-onset or worsening heart failure (HF) (n = 31), which occurred after a median of 148 days (Interquartile range (IQR) 43–476 days) was the most common cardiotoxic event. The most frequent interventions were pharmacological treatment of the CV adverse event (n = 44) and treatment interruption (n = 18), but guideline-directed medication therapy for HF could be further optimized. Conclusion Pre-existing CVD or CV risk factors predispose oncology patients to CV adverse events. Real-world practice reveals that CV adverse events require temporary interruption of treatment and initiation of pharmacologic treatment. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach that includes discussion of risks/benefits of treatment continuation, and initiation of guideline-directed treatment is recommended until high-quality, drug-specific data for monitoring and treatment become available.

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Cardiovascular Safety Assessment in Cancer Drug Development

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia

Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia

A complex approach to continuous cardiac monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Observational study

Real-world data of cardio-oncologic interventions for cardiovascular adverse events with oral oncolytics

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