Cardiovascular risk stratification in rheumatic diseases: carotid ultrasound is more sensitive than Coronary Artery Calcification Score to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Disease Activity, Oxidized-LDL Fraction and Anti-Oxidized LDL Antibodies Influence Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…The reason for this discrepancy may be the fact that RA patients were enrolled in this study without clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Additionally, the cohort seems to be younger than groups analyzed in other studies [25,26]. A younger RA group might also be responsible for the lower mean IMT than in other reports [25].…”

“…Additionally, the cohort seems to be younger than groups analyzed in other studies [25,26]. A younger RA group might also be responsible for the lower mean IMT than in other reports [25]. Although Ahmed et al analyzed an equally young group of RA patients, severe atherosclerosis was more frequent in their cohort [27].…”

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Systemic Sclerosis: Not Less Frequent Than Rheumatoid Arthritis and Not Detected With Cardiovascular Risk Indices

“…All the obtained images were examined and read by a single, blinded, experienced sonographer-cardiologist (MS). cIMT .0.90 mm and/or carotid plaques were used as the gold-standard test for subclinical atherosclerosis and high CV risk (30,31). Patients with any of the mentioned US findings were regarded as having subclinical atherosclerosis and being true high CV-risk patients (US1).…”

According to the Materials of the 2015/2016 New European League Against Rheumatism (Eular) Guidelines for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis: General Characterization and Discussion Problems

“…В реко-мендациях EULAR 2009 г. для определения кардиоваску-лярного риска был предложен коэффициент умножения 1,5 к расчетному общему риску ССЗ, если пациенты имели два из перечисленных критериев: продолжительность за-Международные и российские рекомендации по лечению ревматических заболеваний болевания >10 лет, позитивность по РФ или АЦЦП и нали-чие внесуставных проявлений [3]. Доказано, что примене-ние этого коэффициента не позволяет адекватно рекласси-фицировать пациентов [8,78]. Кроме того, QRESEARCH Cardiovascular Risk Algorithm (QRISK) 2 (модель прогнози-рования риска ССЗ включает РА как ФР с коэффициентом умножения 1,4 для всех пациентов) [79], как правило, пе-реоценивает риск ССЗ у пациентов с РА.…”