Cardiovascular risk groups and mortality in an urban Swedish male population: the Malmö Preventive Project

Berglund, Göran; Eriksson, Karl-Fredrik; Israelsson, Bo; Kjellström, Tord; Lindgärde, Folke; Mattiasson, Ingrid; Nilsson, Jan‐Åke; Stavenow, Lars

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.483819000.x

Cited by 146 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) in Malmö, Sweden, was established in 1974 for screening with regard to cardiovascular risk factors [20]. Entire birth-year cohorts, men and women, registered as citizens in Malmö were successively invited by mail to a health examination.…”

Section: The Malmö Preventive Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women

Almquist

Manjer

Bondeson

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

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Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium-regulating hormonesparathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D -may be associated with breast cancer risk.No prospective cohort study has investigated the association between pre-diagnostic calcium levels and subsequent risk of breast cancer. We have examined this in a cohort of 7847 women where serum calcium levels and established risk factors for breast cancer had been assessed at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 17.8 years, 437 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Incidence of breast cancer was calculated in different quartiles of serum calcium levels and a Cox's proportional hazards analysis was used to obtain corresponding relative risks (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for potential confounders.In premenopausal women, serum calcium levels were inversely associated with breast cancer risk in a dose-response manner. The adjusted RR (95% CI) of breast cancer was in the 2 nd calcium quartile 0.91 (0.65-1.30), in the 3 rd quartile 0.89 (0.60-1.31), and in the 4 th quartile 0. 56 (0.32-0.98), as compared to the 1 st calcium quartile. In postmenopausal overweight women (BMI>25), breast cancer risk was higher in calcium quartiles 2 to 4 as compared to the 1 st quartile. Our findings may have implications for primary prevention of breast cancer and for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

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Section: The Malmö Preventive Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entire birth-year cohorts, men and women, registered as citizens in Malmö were successively invited by mail to a health examination. Approximately 70% of invited women attended [20]. When the department closed in 1992, 10,902 women, born between 1926 and 1949, had been examined.…”

Section: The Malmö Preventive Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women

Almquist

Manjer

Bondeson

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

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“…Interestingly, the risk of both all-cause and CVD mortality was greater among participants with HTN and more CVD risk factors (adjusted HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.7-3.2 and adjusted HR 4.2; 95% CI 2.8-6.2 for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively) than in those with less (adjusted HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.8 and adjusted HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3-3.4 for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively). Berglund et al 8 assessed the effects of HTN (systolic blood pressure X160 mm Hg or dystolic blood pressureX 100 mm Hg or on antihypertensive treatment), hypercholesterolaemia (cholesterolX6.7 mmol l À1 ) and smoking separately and in combination for all-cause mortality in a cohort of 22 444 Swedish men who were followed-up for an average of 12.2 years. The mortality of individuals with all three risk factors, HTN alone and none of the three risk factors was 21, 13 and 3%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] Although population-based prospective studies have assessed the effect of blood pressure on allcause and CVD mortality in Western [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and Asian populations, [16][17][18][19][20][21] only some have assessed the effect of HTN in combination with other CVD risk factors on mortality and morbidity outcomes. 8,11,14,21 Of these, only one published study has assessed the effect of HTN in combination with other CVD risk factors on mortality outcomes in an Asian population. 21 Singapore is an island nation comprising approximately 4 million inhabitants all residing in a completely urbanized environment with equitable health-care coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension, concurrent cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: the Singapore Cardiovascular Cohort Study

Lee

Heng

et al. 2008

J Hum Hypertens

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The current hypertension (HTN) guidelines recommend the assessment of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with HTN for further management. Few studies in Asian populations have been published to identify the outcome of individuals with HTN and other CVD risk factors. This study aims to assess the effect of HTN alone, and in combination with other CVD risk factors on all-cause and CVD mortality. Three cross-sectional studies carried out in Singapore (baseline 1982-1995) consisting of 5830 persons were grouped by the absence or presence of HTN and CVD risk factors. They were followed-up (mean 14.1 years) by linkage with the National Death Register. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of mortality. HTN individuals with either o2 CVD risk factors (adjusted HR 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.8) or X2 CVD risk factors (adjusted HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.9-3.0) were at increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to normotensive individuals. The findings were similar for CVD mortality. HTN individuals who also smoked or had diabetes were at highest risk of all-cause mortality, whereas those with elevated total cholesterol/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, smoked or diabetes had the highest risk for CVD mortality. These findings show that in HTN individuals it is important to assess the presence of other CVD risk factors and manage accordingly.

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“…21 A total of 22 444 men participated (attendance rate: 71%). The determination of five plasma proteins was part of the programme for 6193 men, randomly selected from birth cohorts examined between 1974 and 1982.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatality of acute coronary events in relation to hypertension and low-grade inflammation: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2006

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Hypertension has been associated with increased casefatality rates among individuals who subsequently suffer from acute coronary events. It is unknown whether inflammation modifies this relationship. This population-based study explored the effects of inflammation and hypertension on incidence of coronary event, and on the fatality of the future events. Blood pressure (BP) and five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs, fibrinogen, orosomucoid, a1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin) were determined in 6071 healthy men. During the mean follow-up of 19 years, 679 men had a first coronary event (non-fatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease). Of them, 197 (29%) were fatal cases (death during the first day). As expected, hypertension was associated with increased incidence of coronary events and increased proportion of fatal cases. At all levels of BP, high ISPs (X2 ISPs in top quartile) significantly added to the incidence of events. Men with high ISPs had the highest case-fatality rates. The difference in case-fatality rate between men with and without high ISPs was, however, significant only in men with normal BP (o130/85 mm Hg) (33 vs 19%, Po0.05), and not in men with moderate or severe hypertension (X160/100 mm Hg) (40 vs 35%, P ¼ 0.32). High ISPs add to the incidence of coronary events at all levels of BP. Hypertension and inflammation are both independently associated with increased case-fatality in subjects who later have an acute coronary event. The influence of ISPs on the case-fatality rate seems to be most important in men with normal BP.

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Cardiovascular risk groups and mortality in an urban Swedish male population: the Malmö Preventive Project

Cited by 146 publications

References 7 publications

Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women

Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women

Hypertension, concurrent cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: the Singapore Cardiovascular Cohort Study

Fatality of acute coronary events in relation to hypertension and low-grade inflammation: a population-based cohort study

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