Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to cigarette smoking: a population-based survey among Asians in Singapore

Hughes, Kenneth; Choo, Maurice H.; Kuperan, Ponnudurai; Ong, Choon‐Nam; Aw, Tar Choon

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00268-2

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our null fasting TG results appear inconsistent with a review 13 and more recent reports, 14,15 which show higher fasting TG in smokers, but only 1 study provided data on subjects as old as those in the ARIC study. Jenkins et al 16 showed only a 2% higher fasting TG level in smokers than in nonsmokers among 924 men aged 50 to 59 years, in contrast to a 12% higher fasting TG level in younger smokers.…”

Section: February 2001contrasting

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Lifestyle Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia Differ From Those of Fasting Triglycerides

Sharrett

Heiss

Chambless

et al. 2001

ATVB

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Abstract-Despite the reported association of lipoprotein responses to a fatty meal with atherosclerosis, little is known about the determinants of these responses. Plasma triglyceride, retinyl palmitate, and apolipoprotein B-48 responses to a standardized fatty meal containing a vitamin A marker were measured in 602 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants. To focus on postprandial responses specifically, which have been reported to be related to atherosclerosis independently of fasting triglycerides, analyses for determinants of postprandial responses were adjusted for fasting triglycerides. Major determinants of fasting triglycerides, namely, diabetes, obesity, other factors related to insulin resistance, and male sex, were not independently associated with postprandial responses. Fasting triglycerides were the strongest predictor of postprandial lipids, but independent of triglycerides, the predictors of postprandial responses were smoking, diet, creatinine, and alcohol. To investigate these associations, we studied participants of the largest published study of atherosclerosis and postprandial lipemia. 1 The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) postprandial lipemia study demonstrated in 602 men and women that asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis was positively associated with postprandial triglycerides (TGs) independently of coronary risk factors and fasting TGs. 1 Markers of intestinally derived postprandial lipoproteins were also studied, because small studies had previously reported coronary disease associated with the apoB-48/apoB-100 ratio 3 and a retinyl palmitate (RP) marker of these lipoproteins. 4 However, these markers were not associated with carotid atherosclerosis in the present study or a more recent study. 2 Despite a lack of association with intestinally derived lipoproteins, our finding that atherosclerosis was associated with postprandial TGs independently of fasting TGs suggested that lipoprotein characteristics specific to the postprandial state are atherogenic. The large size of the ARIC study is needed to detect the independent determinants of postprandial responses, inasmuch as postprandial responses are closely correlated with fasting TGs: rϭ0.64 for TGs and 0.49 for RP in the ARIC study.

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Section: February 2001contrasting

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Lifestyle Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia Differ From Those of Fasting Triglycerides

Sharrett

Heiss

Chambless

et al. 2001

ATVB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[15][16][17][18] Although we lack the power to use statistical techniques for adjustment due to the small sample size, a recent study 25) with a relatively large sample conducted in healthy young subjects showed similar results as ours. Besides, all subjects in the present study were matched for age, BMI, and physical activity scores, which were considered to differ between smokers and nonsmokers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…7,8) Studies also suggested that smokers had significantly higher plasma insulin concentrations [9][10][11][12][13] and were more insulin resistant [11][12][13][14] than nonsmokers, whereas inconsistent results were also found. [15][16][17][18] However, these data are based on studies of middle-aged or older individuals conducted in Western countries. Data on young women are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Blood Insulin, Glucose, and Lipids in Young Japanese Women

Kang

Imamura

Masuda

et al. 2009

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of cigarette smoking (CS) on fasting blood insulin, homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-R index), glucose and lipids in Japanese collegiate women. Twenty-six smokers were individually matched for physical activity scores, age, and body mass index with 26 nonsmokers. Information on smoking, physical activity habits, and diet record were collected. Blood samples were taken and analyzed to evaluate their associations with CS. The results showed significantly higher mean serum insulin, HOMA-R index, and glucose while lower mean high-density lipoprotein two cholesterol (HDL 2 -C) in smokers as compared with nonsmokers. The mean nutrient intakes showed no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers. In conclusion, it appears that CS is associated with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose and lower HDL 2 -C in young Japanese female smokers. This may partly explain the deleterious effects of smoking on coronary heart disease risk.

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“…While there are no large-scale epidemiological or cohort studies of CHD risk in India itself, all the available evidence suggests excess risk associated with insulin resistance, increased risk in urban compared to rural groups, and an increasing prevalence of CHD in rural Indians. Studies of Indians overseas have included examination of risk factors in immigrant Indians living in such diverse countries as Singapore (Hughes et al, 1998), Britain (Balarajan, 1991), South Africa (Cosnett, 1957) and USA (Anand et al, 1998). Some reports indicate that this excess of risk may not apply uniformly to people from all areas of the subcontinent, for example, the Punjab (Balarajan et al, 1984), however, even people from this region have been shown to have an excess of nonbiochemical risk factors for CHD (Williams et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for coronary heart disease in two similar Indian population groups, one residing in India, and the other in Sydney, Australia

Mahajan

Bermingham

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To identify the prevalence of coronary risk factors among South Asian Indians in Australia and India. Design: Cross-sectional intercountry comparison. Subjects: Healthy volunteers aged 23-75 y recruited from the Indian community in Sydney Australia (n¼125), and their nominated relatives in India, (n¼125). Results: The two groups were of similar background with over 90% of the group in India being siblings, parents or relatives of the group in Australia. There was no difference in the populations between India and Australia with regard to mean age (40711.5 vs 39710. Conclusion:The group in Australia (especially women) have a more favourable disease risk profile than those in India. The fact that the groups are of such similar background and partly related, make it unlikely that changes due to migration have a strong genetic bias. In contrast to other studies, the absence here of excessive weight gain on migration may be a key factor in disease risk prevention.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to cigarette smoking: a population-based survey among Asians in Singapore

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Metabolic and Lifestyle Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia Differ From Those of Fasting Triglycerides

Metabolic and Lifestyle Determinants of Postprandial Lipemia Differ From Those of Fasting Triglycerides

Cigarette Smoking and Blood Insulin, Glucose, and Lipids in Young Japanese Women

Risk factors for coronary heart disease in two similar Indian population groups, one residing in India, and the other in Sydney, Australia

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