Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Eastern Caribbean Island: Prevalence of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the British Virgin Islands

James, Jared; Soyibo, AK; Hurlock, L; Gordon‐Strachan, Georgiana; Barton, E N

doi:10.7727/wimj.2012.173

Cited by 14 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, based on the present study, in Jamaica, the total human deaths that are caused by diabetes is 10.4%. This is similar to the figure reported for the Eastern Caribbean, 10.0% [16]. While this research reveals that only 6.6% of total deaths in Jamaica are caused by hypertension, it is substantially higher than the 16.6% in the Eastern Caribbean countries [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Epidemic of Non-communicable Diseases in Jamaica: Monsters Awoken from Lifestyle Practices

Bourne¹,

Francis²,

Sharpe-Pryce³

et al. 2014

Int J Med Res

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Of the 57 million deaths that occurred in the world in 2008, 63 percent were due to chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), and the majority of those who died were women and elderly people. Objectives: To evaluate health indices of those in the retirement aged cohort and working aged cohort; to determine rates of comorbidity for those in the retirement aged and the working aged cohorts; to compute the prevalence rate of specific chronic non-communicable diseases and to calculate death rates for those in retirement aged and the working aged cohorts. Methods: Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions (JSLC) is a national cross-sectional probability survey that is conducted yearly by two governmental agencies in Jamaica. The current sample is 4313 Jamaicans who are either in the working or retirement aged cohorts from 2007 JSLC survey as well as death statistics from 2002 to 2008. Findings: In 2007, the prevalence rate of deaths that occur due to CNCDs is 50.7% (male, 45.2%; female, 59.5%); 12% of those in the working aged population indicate having an illness compared to 43.2% of those in the retirement aged cohort; 23.7% of retirement aged cohorts reported having diabetes compared to 15% of those in the working aged cohort, and those in the retirement aged cohort imply having hypertension 1.6 times more than those in the working aged cohort. The rate of comorbidity is 20.6% (retirement aged cohort, 27.4%; working aged cohort, 15.6%). The prevalence rate of those with CNCDs is 37.6% for those in the retirement aged cohort and 8.2% for those in the working aged cohort. Conclusion: It is imperative that age, gender, area of residence specific and culturally relevant policies be developed in order

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Epidemic of Non-communicable Diseases in Jamaica: Monsters Awoken from Lifestyle Practices

Bourne¹,

Francis²,

Sharpe-Pryce³

et al. 2014

Int J Med Res

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“…Our results also show that participants with hypertension, diabetes, and multimorbidity presented more risk factors than those without these conditions. Many modifiable chronic disease risk factors are susceptible to being managed through PHC services [83]. Therefore, to prevent further increases in multimorbidity, it is necessary to strengthen PHC services by emphasizing primary prevention, especially in highly vulnerable contexts such as in LMICs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity in a Primary Care Context of Central Argentina: A Web-Based Interactive and Cross-Sectional Study

Olivares

Chambi

Chañi

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Global health agencies estimate an increase of chronic diseases in South America. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated chronic diseases and their risk factors in the perspective of multimorbidity. This research aimed to identify these aspects in a primary health care setting of central Argentina. The Pan America version of the STEP wise approach surveillance (STEPS) instrument of the World Health Organization was applied to 1044 participants, 365 men and 679 women, with a mean age of 43 years. High prevalence of overweight (33.5%), obesity (35.2%), central obesity (54%), dyslipidemia (43.5%), metabolic syndrome (21.1%), low intake of fruit and vegetables (91.8%), low levels of physical activity (71.5%), risky alcohol consumption (28%), and smoking (22.5%) were detected. Hypertension and diabetes were the most prevalent chronic conditions and the total prevalence of multimorbidity was 33.1%, with 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 chronic conditions found in 19.9%, 9.1%, 2.6%, 1.1% and 0.4% of the population, respectively. Multimorbidity affected 6.4% of the young, 31.7% of the adults, and 60.6% of the elderly, and was more prevalent among women, and in participants with lower levels of education. Having multimorbidity was significantly associated with obesity, central obesity, and higher concentrations of total blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. A website was made available to the participants in order to share the experimental results and health-promoting information.

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“…The causes of cardiovascular diseases are multifaceted, including environmental pollution [1,2] and life style changes such as the lack of physical activity and the increased intake of Western foods that include over-nutrition and trace elemental dyshomeostasis [3,4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc protects against diabetes-induced pathogenic changes in the aorta: roles of metallothionein and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2

Miao

Wang

Sun

et al. 2013

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundCardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of the mortality world-wide, which is related to several risks, including the life style change and the increased diabetes prevalence. The present study was to explore the preventive effect of zinc on the pathogenic changes in the aorta.MethodsA genetic type 1 diabetic OVE26 mouse model was used with/without zinc supplementation for 3 months. To determine gender difference either for pathogenic changes in the aorta of diabetic mice or for zinc protective effects on diabetes-induced pathogenic changes, both males and females were investigated in parallel by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, in combination of real-time PCR assay.ResultsDiabetes induced significant increases in aortic oxidative damage, inflammation, and remodeling (increased fibrosis and wall thickness) without significant difference between genders. Zinc treatment of these diabetic mice for three months completely prevented the above pathogenic changes in the aorta, and also significantly up-regulated the expression and function of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal regulator of anti-oxidative mechanism, and the expression of metallothionein (MT), a potent antioxidant. There was gender difference for the protective effect of zinc against diabetes-induced pathogenic changes and the up-regulated levels of Nrf2 and MT in the aorta.ConclusionsThese results suggest that zinc supplementation provides a significant protection against diabetes-induced pathogenic changes in the aorta without gender difference in the type 1 diabetic mouse model. The aortic protection by zinc against diabetes-induced pathogenic changes is associated with the up-regulation of both MT and Nrf2 expression.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Eastern Caribbean Island: Prevalence of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the British Virgin Islands

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

The Epidemic of Non-communicable Diseases in Jamaica: Monsters Awoken from Lifestyle Practices

The Epidemic of Non-communicable Diseases in Jamaica: Monsters Awoken from Lifestyle Practices

Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity in a Primary Care Context of Central Argentina: A Web-Based Interactive and Cross-Sectional Study

Zinc protects against diabetes-induced pathogenic changes in the aorta: roles of metallothionein and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2

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