Cardiovascular risk factors and low back pain in a long-term follow-up of industrial employees

Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Solovieva, Svetlana; Kirjonen, Juhani; Reunanen, Antti; Riihimäki, Hilkka

doi:10.5271/sjweh.971

Cited by 85 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…variety of additional potential etiologic factors have been reported, suggesting that the impetus for disc degeneration may be a complex, multifactorial process (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Nonetheless, the effects of such degeneration, if progressive, may lead to the development of low back pain with or without sciatica.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although addressing genetic, developmental, or other potential etiologic factors (e.g., environmental, systematic diseases, hormonal) (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) that have been suggested to be associated with disc degeneration goes beyond the nature of our study design, one should not dismiss the possibility that such factors may play a role in the manifestation of SLDD. Although a biomechanical component is suggested as contributing to disc degeneration in this context, the suggestion requires further investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

Cheung¹,

Samartzis²,

Karppinen³

et al. 2010

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Typically, age and abnormal physical loading ("wear and tear") have been associated with the development of intervertebral disc degeneration. In the past decade, various additional etiologic factors for disc degeneration have been sporadically reported in the literature; however, many investigators continue to place tremendous emphasis on the effects of age and biomechanics associated with disc degeneration. The aim of this study was to provide additional insight into the notion that age and biomechanics are key factors in the development of disc degeneration. To this end, we addressed the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a unique pattern of disc degeneration of the lumbar spine, "skipped" level (nonconsecutive) disc degeneration (SLDD).Methods. As part of a large genetics-based study in southern Chinese individuals (n ‫؍‬ 1,989), a crosssectional analysis was performed in subjects exhibiting disc degeneration in >2 levels (n ‫؍‬ 838) who were then categorized as having SLDD (n ‫؍‬ 174) or non-SLDD (contiguous, multilevel; n ‫؍‬ 664). Various radiographic parameters were assessed based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subject demographics were assessed, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results. Overall, 8.7% of the whole population (n ‫؍‬ 1,989) had SLDD, while it was present in 20.8% of subjects with multilevel disc degeneration (n ‫؍‬ 838). SLDD was more prevalent in male subjects (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04-2.10, P ‫؍‬ 0.028). SLDD was significantly associated with the presence of Schmorl's nodes (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.78-4.15, P < 0.001), which also presented in levels with no disc degeneration. A history of disc bulge/extrusion (P ‫؍‬ 0.004) and/or a history of back injury (P ‫؍‬ 0.010) was significantly associated with non-SLDD, and a greater degree of overall severity of disc degeneration was also associated with non-SLDD. Other demographic and MRI findings did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusion. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with SLDD. Our study challenges the paradigm that age and biomechanics are the key factors associated with the development of disc degeneration. Although age and biomechanical factors may play a role in the manifestation of disc degeneration, our novel findings of SLDD patterns provide further awareness of and support for the notion that additional etiologic factors may play a role in the development of disc degeneration. Such factors warrant further investigation to shed light on the cause of disc degeneration.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

Cheung¹,

Samartzis²,

Karppinen³

et al. 2010

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…This relationship has been established primarily in cadaveric studies [9,10] and also in an occupation-based epidemiological study. [11] Within this occupational study, the authors showed that over a 28-year period patients with higher blood pressure at baseline had increased risk of BP. This could explain why hypertension and diabetes only confound the relationship between BMI and BP, and not LP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Back or Leg Pain in Patients With Spinal Conditions

Segar

Urban

Fairbank

et al. 2016

Spine

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Spine (Phila Pa 1976) The Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) * If the article is to be published pursuant to the "Green" route of Open Access, both the RCUK and the Wellcome Trust require that WKH make the article freely available within six months pursuant to the AttributionNonCommerical 4.0 Creative Commons License, currently found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/legalcode (the "CC BY-NC License"). The CC BY-NC License allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the article noncommercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge the authors for the original creation and be non-commercial, they don't have to license their derivative works on the same terms.As a service to our authors, WKH will identify the National Library of Medicine (NLM) articles that require deposit pursuant to the RCUK and Wellcome Trust policies described in this section. This Copyright Transfer Agreement provides the mechanism for identifying such articles. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationWKH will transmit the final peer-reviewed manuscript of an article based on research funded in whole or in part by either RCUK or the Wellcome Trust to Pub Med Central.Upon NIH request, it remains the legal responsibility of the author to confirm with NIH the provenance of his/her manuscript for purposes of deposit. Author will not deposit articles him/herself. Author will not alter the final peer-reviewed manuscript already transmitted to NIH.With respect to the "Green" route of Open Access, author will not authorize the display of the final peer-reviewed manuscript prior to 6 months following publication of the final article.Authors of articles that have been funded from grants from the RCUK or the Wellcome Trust are required to sign the WKH Open Access License Agreement prior to publication of the applicable article. Please contact the Editorial Office of the applicable journal to receive the Open Access License Agreement that is to be signed in connection with the publication of the article.I am the person in question for this submission or otherwise have approval to complete this agreement.I agree CME/CE Disclosure Each author must identify and disclose any financial associations involving a spouse, partner or children by completing the Family Disclosure question below, and whether any off-label uses or unapproved drugs or devices are discussed in his/her manuscript by completing the Off-Label Use/Unapproved Drugs or Products question below. In the event that the Work is published as a continuing education or continuing medical education article, this information will be provided to the accrediting body and may be included in the published article. When applicable, articles accepted for publication may need to comply with additiona...

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“…The cutoff value between no or minor and moderate pain was set at 7 days, because previous studies have shown that those with pain of a shorter duration recover quickly (26). Moreover, distinguishing nonspecific and radiating low back pain will enable us to capture entities with different risk factors (16,17) and clinical course (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some evidence suggesting that nonspecific and radiating low back pain have different risk factors (16,17). However, few epidemiologic studies have looked at nonspecific and radiating low back pain separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of nonspecific and radiating low back pain: followup of 24–39‐year‐old adults of the Young Finns Study

Shiri

Solovieva

Husgafvel‐Pursiainen

et al. 2010

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. The full panorama of the types and severity of low back pain during the life course is poorly known. We studied the incidence and severity of nonspecific and radiating low back pain based on a recent followup on a representative sample of the Finnish general population. Methods. As part of the ongoing Young Finns Study, participants ages 24 -39 years who were free from low back pain at baseline in 2001 were included (n ‫؍‬ 1,224). We estimated the incidence of nonspecific and radiating low back pain in 2007.Results. The incidence of moderate (8 -30 days duration in the past 12 months) nonspecific low back pain was 13.2%, and that of radiating low back pain was 8.6%. The rates did not differ between men and women. The incidence of major (>30 days in the past 12 months) nonspecific low back pain was 7.8%, and that of radiating low back pain was 3.4%. The incidence of major nonspecific low back pain was higher in women than in men (P ‫؍‬ 0.02). Moderate as well as major nonspecific low back pain declined with age, whereas major radiating low back pain increased with age. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that low back pain is a common condition in adults already in their 30s. It becomes more severe around the age of 40 years, showing different development of nonspecific and radiating low back pain. We recommend monitoring low back health in health surveillance, starting early and differentiating between nonspecific and radiating pain.

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Cardiovascular risk factors and low back pain in a long-term follow-up of industrial employees

Cited by 85 publications

References 33 publications

Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

Intervertebral disc degeneration: New insights based on “skipped” level disc pathology

The Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Back or Leg Pain in Patients With Spinal Conditions

Incidence of nonspecific and radiating low back pain: followup of 24–39‐year‐old adults of the Young Finns Study

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