Cardiovascular Risk Factor Status in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in China

Abstract

BackgroundControlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid is of great importance for patients with type 2 diabetes, not only for cardiovascular disease, but also for other complications. Previous studies mainly focused on the control rate of outpatients, and the results were suboptimal, but few studies aimed at the inpatients.MethodThe present study involved 3,245 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes from 2013 to 2017 in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. The percentages of inpatients who attained the goals of the China Diabetes Society and the American Diabetes Association were calculated for major cardiovascular risk factors (HbA1c, blood pressure, and blood lipid). The prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications was also assessed.ResultThe percentages of patients who met the Chinese Diabetes Society goals—HbA1c <7%, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, normal lipids, and all three goals—were 26.7, 14.8, 10.4, and 0.2% in 2013 and 30.5, 16.2, 8.0, and 0.9% in 2017, respectively. The percentage of patients who met all three American Diabetes Association goals (HbA1c<7%, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L) increased from 4.3% in 2013 to 9.0% in 2017. The prevalence of major diabetes complications including coronary heart disease (31.7 vs. 31.9%), stroke (16.7 vs. 14.8%), diabetic kidney disease (37.9 vs. 35.8%), diabetic retinopathy (48.0 vs. 46.5%), neuropathy (63.1 vs. 61.9%), and diabetic foot (0.8 vs. 1.2%) were stable from 2013 to 2017.ConclusionDuring 2013 to 2017, control rates of major cardiovascular risk factors including HbA1c, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were improved among hospitalized patients in Tianjin, China.

Control of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with carotid intima media thickness among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-single center experience in a developing country

“…In a recent metaanalysis, the achievement rates for the control of CVD risk factors—glycemic control, blood pressure, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG—were 42.8%, 29%, 49.2%, 58.2%, and 61.9% respectively [ 16 ]. During 2013 and 2017, control rates of HbA 1C , LDL-C, and blood pressure had increased among hospitalized T2DM patients in Tianjin, China [ 17 ]. A crosssectional study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Wardha District, India, demonstrated that only one-fourths of T2DM patients have the optimal control of one or more risk factors for CVD, including physical inactivity, tobacco use, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and dietary risk factors [ 18 ].…”

Gaps of Medication Treatment Management Between Guidelines and Real-World for Inpatients With Type 2 Diabetes in China From Pharmacist’s Perspective

“…A meta-analysis, which assessed the achievements of targets according to different guidelines in different countries, reported that the achievements rates were 42.8% for glycemic control, 29% for blood pressure, 49.2% for LDL cholesterol ( 30 ). For inpatients, the percentages of patients who met the Chinese Diabetes Society goals—HbA1c <7%, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, normal lipids, and all three goals—were 30.5, 16.2, 8.0, and 0.9% in 2017 ( 31 ), respectively. But there are few studies about the gaps in treatment medication between real-world and guidelines.…”

The role of peripheral white blood cell counts in the association between central adiposity and glycemic status

“…According to the latest data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 140.9 million diabetic subjects were diagnosed in China in 2021, and this number is predicted to increase to 174.4 million by 2040 [2]. A large body of evidence has shown that diabetes may lead to various potentially life threatening micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications [3][4][5].…”