Cardiovascular risk assessment tools in Asia

Zhang, Yuqing; Miao, Huanhuan; Chia, Yook Chin; Buranakitjaroen, Peera; Siddique, Saulat; Shin, Jinho; Turana, Yuda; Park, Sungha; Tsoi, Kelvin K.F.; Chen, Chen-Huan; Li, Yan; Minh, Huynh Van; Nagai, Michiaki; Nailes, Jennifer; Sison, Jorge; Soenarta, Arieska Ann; Sogunuru, Guru Prasad; Sukonthasarn, Apichard; Tay, Jam Chin; Teo, Boon Wee; Verma, Narsingh; Wang, Tzung‐Dau; Hoshide, Satoshi; Wang, Ji‐Guang

doi:10.1111/jch.14336

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Ethnicity is a significant determinant of CVD. The screening tool for CVD in western and Asian countries should be established separately ( 60 ). Thus, the Thai CV risk score used in this study was a suitable tool for assessing the risk of CVD in the older Thai population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary diversity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among community-dwelling older people: A national health examination survey from Thailand

et al. 2022

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BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the common comorbidities in older people. Healthy diet is an essential strategy to alleviate the risk of developing CVD. Dietary diversity (DD) is an indicator of diet quality. Currently, limited research exists regarding DD and CVD in older people in developing countries, such as Thailand, despite rapid growth of older population. Therefore, this study aims to determine associations of DD with the risk of CVD and the cardiometabolic risk factors among Thai older people.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used the sub-sample of the fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2015. A total of 6,956 older people aged 60 years and older and no pre-existing CVD were included.Dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed the consumption of eight food groups using food frequency questionnaires. Each food group was scored from 0 to 4. The DDS was calculated as the sum of the scores (0–32). The risk of CVD was calculated by using a Thai cardiovascular (CV) risk score. The cardiometabolic risk factors included hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels. Data were adjusted for a complex survey design and analysed using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsIn the adjusted model, DDS had a significant negative association with log-Thai CV risk score, with adjusted β (95% CI) values of −0.01 (−0.01, −0.01). Regarding the cardiometabolic risk factors, DDS had a significant negative association with hypertension, DM and log-TG levels, with adjusted OR (95% CI) values of 0.97 (95% CI 0.97, 0.98) for hypertension, 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) for DM, and adjusted β (95% CI) values of −0.002 (−0.004, −0.001) for log-TG level. DDS was positively associated with TC and LDL-C, with adjusted β (95% CI) values of 0.59 (0.38, 0.80) for TC and 0.59 (0.38, 0.79) for LDL-C levels, while DDS was not associated with HDL-C level.ConclusionHigher DD was associated with a lower risk of CVD among Thai older people. The nutritional policies or interventions should encourage a diverse food intake for the prevention of CVD in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary diversity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among community-dwelling older people: A national health examination survey from Thailand

et al. 2022

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“…Hypertension is the most serious or one of the most serious risk factors for almost every type of cardiovascular disease that can occur in life, including coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and valvular heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, cerebral stroke, and renal failure [15].Many recent hypertension guidelines strongly recommend risk assessment and stratification strategies for hypertensive patients in order to guide and recommend early intervention for high risk patients and prevent the progression to severe CVD [16]. Social determinants, lifestyle factors, biochemical factors, and genetic factors are the four broad categories of cardiovascular risk factors [17].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review on Hypertension

Sowmyashree¹,

Vinutha²,

Venkatesh³

et al. 2023

Int J Curr Innov Adv Res

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A common, aging-related chronic condition called hypertension frequently results in kidney and heart problems that are quite serious. A number of additional cardiovascular risk variables are frequently reported together with blood pressure. Automated blood pressure testing methods are becoming more and more common in the diagnosis of hypertension. The main or secondary kidney's failure to drain salt at a normal blood pressure is a prerequisite for the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Many people with hypertension are unaware of their disease, and among those who have been identified, therapy is typically insufficient. Population-level actions are necessary to stop the onset of hypertension as well as to enhance community hypertension awareness, care, and management. In this review we focus on the epidemiology, risk factors, and diagnosis, screening and preventive measures of hypertension.

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“…Various CV risk assessment algorithms have been developed, but their applicability to subjects with diabetes is uncertain [ 10 , 11 ]. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is one of the most effective cardiovascular risk calculators used globally in clinical practice to identify and treat high-risk populations and effectively communicate risk [ 12 , 13 ]. In Thailand, although a Thai CV risk score developed based on a specific career population is available, further external validation is still needed [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in predicted 10-year risk for cardiovascular diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes in Thailand, from 2014 to 2018

Lertsakulbunlue

Mungthin

Rangsin

et al. 2023

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death globally, including Thailand. Approximately one-tenth of Thai adults have type 2 diabetes (T2D), a significantly increasing CVD. Our study aimed to determine the trends of predicted 10-year CVD risk among patients with T2D. Methods A series of hospital-based cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2018. We included Thai patients with T2D aged 30–74-year-old without a history of CVD. The predicted 10-year risk for CVD was calculated based on Framingham Heart Study equations both with simple office-based nonlaboratory and laboratory-based. Age- and sex-adjusted means and proportions of predicted 10-year risk for CVD were calculated. Results A total of 84,602 patients with T2D were included in the present study. The average SBP among study participants was 129.3 ± 15.7 mmHg in 2014 and rose to 132.6 ± 14.9 mmHg in 2018. Likewise, the average body mass index was 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2 in 2014 and elevated to 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2 in 2018. The age- and sex-adjusted mean of the predicted 10-year CVD risk (simple office-based) was 26.2% (95% CI: 26.1–26.3%) in 2014 and rose to 27.3% (95% CI: 27.2–27.4%) in 2018 (p-for trend < 0.001). While the age- and sex-adjusted mean of the predicted 10-year CVD risk (laboratory-based) ranged from 22.4–22.9% from 2014 to 2018 (p-for trend < 0.001). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of the high predicted 10-year CVD risk (simple office-based) was 67.2% (95% CI: 66.5–68.0%) in 2014 and significantly rose to 73.1% (95% CI: 72.4–73.7%) in 2018 (p-for trend < 0.001). Nevertheless, the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of the high predicted 10-year CVD risk (laboratory-based) ranged from 46.0–47.4% from 2014 to 2018 (p-for trend = 0.405). However, among patients with available laboratory results, a significantly positive correlation was noted between predicted 10-year CVD risk, simple office-based and laboratory-based (r = 0.8765, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Our study demonstrated significant rising trends in the predicated 10-year CVD risk among Thai patients with T2D. In addition, the results empowered further improved modifiable CVD risks, especially regarding high BMI and high blood pressure.

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Cardiovascular risk assessment tools in Asia

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary diversity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among community-dwelling older people: A national health examination survey from Thailand

Dietary diversity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among community-dwelling older people: A national health examination survey from Thailand

An Updated Review on Hypertension

Trends in predicted 10-year risk for cardiovascular diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes in Thailand, from 2014 to 2018

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