Cardiovascular responses to gustatory and mechanical stimulation of the nasopharynx in rats

Hanamori, Takamitsu; Ishiko, Nobusada

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91614-x

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The finding may explain why the PNPh was more effective for VPC than the other two pharyngeal areas tested, since afferent signals for evoking VPC are probably conveyed to the central nervous system by the Ph-IXth. The findings of these previous [10,12] and present studies suggest that sensory fibers in the Ph-IXth with a high response to mechanical stimulation of the NPh are likely to be responsible for VPC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Deformation of the mucosa in the NPh produced by gentle mechanical stimulation, a fine jet of air [10], and positive and negative pressures [11] are adequate for evoking action potentials in the cat Ph-IXth. Receptive fields of the Ph-IXth were investigated in rats and it was found that an inlet area of the NPh is much more responsive to mechanical stimulation than oropharyngeal and palatal areas surrounding the NPh [12]. The finding may explain why the PNPh was more effective for VPC than the other two pharyngeal areas tested, since afferent signals for evoking VPC are probably conveyed to the central nervous system by the Ph-IXth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflexogenic Areas for Velopharyngeal Closure in Rabbits

et al. 1998

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Responsive areas for velopharyngeal closure were examined by recording diaphragmatic and superior pharyngeal constrictor activities of anesthetized rabbits. Pressure stimulation was applied with a cotton applicator to the mucosae of three pharyngeal areas: the anterior (palatal) and posterior walls of the nasopharynx and the posterior wall of the oropharynx. The intensity and duration of the stimulation were around 9.0 gf and 0.43 sec, respectively. Velopharyngeal closure was elicited more frequently from the posterior wall of the nasopharynx than the other two areas tested. The higher responsiveness of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx for velopharyngeal closure is suggested to be attributed to higher density and/or lower threshold of pressure receptors in this area than those in the other two areas tested. Possible physiological implications of the present results are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflexogenic Areas for Velopharyngeal Closure in Rabbits

et al. 1998

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“…In particular, intravenous glucose has little, if any, effect on blood pressure (23,24), and we have reported that there is no relationship between the effects of different carbohydrate drinks on blood pressure and glycemia (55). Animal studies suggest that oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stimulation have the capacity to modulate blood pressure (17,34) and may, accordingly, play a role in the postprandial blood pressure response. Nevertheless, the pressor effects of water in older subjects are evident after direct intragastric instillation (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparative effects of oral and intraduodenal glucose on blood pressure, heart rate, and splanchnic blood flow in healthy older subjects

Gentilcore

Nair²,

Vanis³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Gentilcore D, Nair NS, Vanis L, Rayner CK, Meyer JH, Hausken T, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Comparative effects of oral and intraduodenal glucose on blood pressure, heart rate, and splanchnic blood flow in healthy older subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R716 -R722, 2009. First published June 24, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00215.2009.-Postprandial hypotension occurs frequently, particularly in the elderly. The magnitude of the fall in blood pressure (BP) and rise in heart rate (HR) in response to enteral glucose are greater when gastric emptying (GE) or small intestinal infusion are more rapid. Meal ingestion is associated with an increase in splanchnic blood flow. In contrast, gastric distension may attenuate the postprandial fall in BP. The aims of this study were to evaluate, in older subjects, the comparative effects of intraduodenal glucose infusion, at a rate similar to GE of oral glucose, on BP, HR, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow, and blood glucose. Eight healthy subjects (5 men, 3 women, age 66 -75 yr) were studied on two occasions. On day 1, each subject ingested 300 ml of water containing 75 g glucose. GE was quantified by three-dimensional ultrasonography between time t ϭ 0 -120 min, and the rate of emptying (kcal/min) was calculated. On day 2, glucose was infused intraduodenally at the same rate as that on day 1. On both days, BP, HR, SMA flow, and blood glucose were measured. The mean GE of oral glucose was 1.3 Ϯ 0.1 kcal/min. Systolic BP (P Ͻ 0.01), SMA flow (P Ͻ 0.05), and blood glucose (P Ͻ 0.01) were greater and HR less (P Ͻ 0.01) after oral, compared with intraduodenal, glucose. There were comparable falls in diastolic BP during the study days (P Ͻ 0.01 for both). We conclude that the magnitude of the fall in systolic BP and rise in HR are less after oral, compared with intraduodenal, glucose, presumably reflecting the "protective" effect of gastric distension. postprandial hypotension; gastric emptying; three-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound POSTPRANDIAL HYPOTENSION, defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure Ն20 mmHg, occurring within 2 h of the end of a meal (23,25,38,39), is an important clinical problem, most commonly affecting the elderly and patients with autonomic dysfunction, the latter often secondary to diabetes (23,25,38,39). Postprandial hypotension is associated with significant complications, including syncope and falls (25) and, in some cases, stroke and angina (1,25,51).The stomach is likely to modulate the hypotensive response to a high-carbohydrate meal in two ways, first, by controlling the rate at which glucose enters the small intestine. Our laboratory's studies in healthy older subjects (26, 42) and patients with type 2 diabetes (28, 46) have established that there is a direct relationship between the magnitude of the fall in systolic blood pressure with the rate of small intestinal delivery of glucose (26,28,41,42), a response that depends on the total load of glucose entering the duodenum independent of glucose concentration (11,27). When glu...

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“…Considering this requirement together with the innervation of the throat, neural information through the SL nerve may play a more important role in the evaluation of SDS than the other nerves innervating the oral cavity and pharynx. In animal experiments, these gustatory nerves have different responsiveness to solutions of the four basic taste qualities [33,34]. The SL nerve exhibits high responsiveness to HCl and water and much lower responsiveness to Suc and QHCl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Thermal and Gustatory Characteristics on Sensory and Motor Aspects of Swallowing

et al. 2006

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Two sets of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of two sensory modalities, temperature and taste, of foods on perceptual and motor aspects of swallowing in 20 young, healthy subjects (10 subjects for each experiment). A tasteless and odorless thickening agent was the basic testing material. The first experiment compared the swallowing of foods at four temperatures ranging from 5 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Food at 50 degrees C was more acceptable for swallowing than at 5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, or 35 degrees C. The suprahyoid muscles were less active during swallowing food at 50 degrees C compared with swallowing food at the other three temperatures. The second experiment compared foods with the five basic taste qualities (sweetness, saltiness, sourness, bitterness, and umami) with a tasteless food (dissolved in distilled water) to examine the influence of gustatory sensation. The sweet and tasteless foods were somewhat more acceptable for swallowing than the sour and bitter foods. However, none of the foods differentially altered the motor parameters of swallowing. Interactive influences of temperature and gustatory sensations of foods on swallowing are discussed.

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Cardiovascular responses to gustatory and mechanical stimulation of the nasopharynx in rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Reflexogenic Areas for Velopharyngeal Closure in Rabbits

Reflexogenic Areas for Velopharyngeal Closure in Rabbits

Comparative effects of oral and intraduodenal glucose on blood pressure, heart rate, and splanchnic blood flow in healthy older subjects

Influences of Thermal and Gustatory Characteristics on Sensory and Motor Aspects of Swallowing

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