Cardiovascular Response to Mental Stress Tests and the Prediction of Blood Pressure

Abstract

Background:It has been proposed that increased physiological responses (i.e., cardiovascular reactivity) to a stressor or stressors may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) including increased blood pressure (BP) or hypertension. However, many prospective studies have examined the hemodynamic reactions to laboratory stress tests and CVD in Western countries and only a few studies have examined with varying durations of follow-up in the same sample studies. In addition, still relatively little is known about cardiovascular reactivity in Asian populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether cardiovascular responses to psychological stressors remained a significant predictor of 40-month follow-up among initially normotensive participants in Thailand, Asia.Materials and Methods:Hemodynamic parameter was measured at rest, during, and after mental arithmetic, a speech task, and a cold pressor task. Ninety-five healthy normotensive male and female participants were reevaluated BP at 40 months later.Results:Regression analyses indicated that after adjustment for baseline BP, initial age, sex, body mass index, and family history of CVD, heightened systolic BP (SBP) responses to mental arithmetic was associated with increased future SBP (ΔR2 = 0.04, P = 0.023).Conclusions:Therefore, these findings suggest that cardiovascular reactivity remains a prediction of future BP and may play a role in the development of hypertension and CVD.

Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: A systematic review of prospective evidence

“…While we cannot conclude causation from prospective cohort studies, the temporal sequence of these studies, with exposure preceding outcome, provides a stronger form of evidence towards potential causality compared with crosssectional studies in which the exposure and outcome coincide (Greenhalgh, 1997). Indeed, many authors have speculated that stress reactivity may be a mechanism or possible causal factor by which psychological stress contributes to health and disease outcomes (Flaa et al, 2008b;Steptoe et al, 2016;Yuenyongchaiwat, 2017). Consequently, the role of stress reactivity in future health and disease outcomes deserves further consideration.…”

Effectiveness of Treatment With Mebicar in Patients With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation

“…The firm -the manufacturer -BEST (Russia). The set includes calibration samples K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 The statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA-10 program. The presence of differences between the studied indicators was assessed by Student's test.…”

“…Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly persistent cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, which contributes to a deterioration in the quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality [1]. Anticipated by 2030 due to risk factors such as obesity and diabetes [2], arrhythmia [3], arterial hypertension [4], more than 23,3 million people will die from acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, [2] systemic embolism [3] and life-threatening cardiovascular disorders [5].…”

Cardiovascular Response

“…The heart is composed of two pumps in series; between these pumps is the pulmonary circulation which oxygenates the blood. Generally, several key variables and indexes were used to assess or determine cardiovascular response, such as arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, heart rate, and so on (Yuenyongchaiwat 2017). Cardiac output, usually expressed in liters per minute, is the product of the stroke volume (amount of blood ejected per contraction) and the heart rate.…”

“…Mental stress may also be more focused on as it increases in modern society. Augmented systolic blood pressure responses to mental arithmetic were associated with increased future systolic blood pressure, and cardiovascular reactivity remains a prediction of future blood pressure and may play a role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Yuenyongchaiwat 2017). Future studies should pay more attention to patients with diseases such as mild cognitive impairment as it affects the cardiovascular response to mental stress (Henley et al 2018).…”