Cardiovascular Proteomics

Abstract

Proteomics is the new systems biological approach to the study of proteins and protein variation on a large scale as a result of biological processes and perturbations. The field is undergoing a dramatic transformation, owing to the completion and annotation of the human genome as well as technological advances to study proteins on a large scale. The new science of proteomics can potentially yield novel biomarkers reflecting cardiovascular disease, establish earlier detection strategies, and monitor responses to therapy. Technological advances permit the unprecedented large-scale identification of peptide sequences in a biological sample with mass spectrometry, whereas gel-based techniques provide further refinement on the status of post-translational modification. The application of high throughput protein evaluation with a subset of predefined targets, identified through proteomics, microarray profiling, and pathway analysis in animal models and human tissues, is gaining momentum in research and clinical applications. Proteomic analysis has provided important insights into ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and cardiovascular pathophysiology. The combination of proteomic biomarkers with clinical phenotypes and genetic haplotype information can lead to a more precise diagnosis and therapy on an individual basis--the fundamental premise of "personalized medicine."

Systems biology and heart failure: concepts, methods, and potential research applications

“…The encompassing term biomedomics is used in this review to refer to these classical and novel disciplines that include genomics, and more recently transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics [3,4,49,50]. Each of these disciplines attempts to describe the processes involved in a single key step in the information transfer process from gene to elements of cell structure and function.…”

“…The first, characterization of the major processes that transform our genetic code into functional end products, creates the potential of individualized description of human illness in exquisite detail [1][2][3][4]. The second, advances in molecular biology leading to the structural and functional characterization of numerous critical proteins and enzymes, offers striking insight into the individual elements that comprise the complex biochemical pathways that determine the nature of cellular physiology [5,6].…”

Cardiovascular Proteomics: Implications for Clinical Applications

“…Biomarker discovery (3, 4, 5, 6) uses one or more proteomics techniques to detect as many changes as possible between the proteomes of the disease and the control (7, 8). In order to achieve this, the essence of biomarker discovery methodology is to investigate two samples that differ only in one characteristic – the disease.…”

Vascular proteomics

“…Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque may result in the occlusion of an artery by the formation of a thrombus over an atherosclerotic lesion, causing MI, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease [14][15][16]. Several recent reviews on vascular proteomics have been reported [17][18][19]. Until recently, the usual approach has been to study the role of a candidate protein supposedly involved in the formation or progression of the atherosclerotic lesion.…”