Cardiovascular protective effect of cinnamon and its major bioactive constituents: An update

Labeling compliance and online claims for Ayurvedic herbal supplements on the U.S. market associated with the purported treatment of COVID-19

“…Previous research has demonstrated several potential cardiovascular benefits of Tribulus terrestris , including hypolipidemic activity and an antihypertensive effect ( Chhatre et al, 2014 ). While some studies have indicated a beneficial effect of cinnamon on cardiovascular health ( Das et al, 2022 ), a recent meta-analysis reported no association between cinnamon consumption and cardiovascular risk ( Krittanawong et al, 2022 ).…”

Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability, Antioxidant Activities and Health Beneficial Properties of Some Selected Spices

“…The major phytochemical in cinnamon bark is cinnamaldehyde. Some other bioactive compounds of essential oils in cinnamon bark are cinnamic acid, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde [130]. Cinnamon bark also contain terpenoids such as oxygenated sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon [130][131][132].…”

“…Some other bioactive compounds of essential oils in cinnamon bark are cinnamic acid, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde [130]. Cinnamon bark also contain terpenoids such as oxygenated sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon [130][131][132]. In addition to essential oils and terpenoids cinnamon bark consist of guaiacol, benzenepropanal, cis-cinnamaldehyde, bornyl acetate, acetophenone, geranyl acetate, tetradecanal.…”

“…Oxygenated monoterpenes are eucalyptol, linalool, borneol, L-α-terpineol, benzaldehyde, anethole, and eugenol. Some of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are α-cubebene, copaene, β-caryophyllene, α-muurolene, trans-α-bergamotene, α-humulene, α-amorphene, 1 s-cis-calamenene, calarene, cedrene, and β-cadinene [130][131][132].…”

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“…Previous studies have reported that cinnamon has been the subject of many ethnopharmacological studies. These reports have pointed out that cinnamon is the source of bioactive compounds with protective properties against inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes (regulation of insulin, glucose uptake), obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and blood lipid profile (Cheng et al, 2022;Das et al, 2022;Faddladdeen, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Miah et al, 2022;Rasool et al, 2022;Senevirathne et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022;Milagres de Almeida et al, 2023). Moreover, cinnamon has been used as anticancer agent (Hamidpour et al, 2015;Sadeghi et al, 2019;Rasool et al, 2022) and to treat of the dental problems (Gupta and Jain, 2015;Sethi et al, 2019).…”